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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
VOLUME 113 NUMBERS 3450-3466
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1963
Publications of the United States National Museum
The scientific publications of the United States National Museum include two series, Proceedings of the United States National Museum and United States National Museum Bulletin.
In these series are published original articles and monographs dealing with the collections and work of the Museum and setting forth newly acquired facts in the fields of anthropology, biology, geology, history, and technology. Copies of each publication are distributed to libraries and scientific organizations and to specialists and others interested in the various subjects.
The Proceedings, begun in 1878, are intended for the publication, in separate form, of shorter papers. These are gathered in volumes, octavo in size, with the publication date of each paper recorded in the table of contents of the volume.
In the Bulletin series, the first of which was issued in 1875, appear longer, separate publications consisting of monographs (occasionally in several parts) and volumes in which are collected works on related subjects. Bulletins are either octavo or quarto in size, depending on the needs of the presentation. Since 1902 papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum have been published in the Bulletin series under the heading Contributions from the United States National Herbarium.
FRANK A. TAYLOR, Director, United States National Museum. II
CONTENTS
ALBUQUERQUE, IsoLDA Rocua E Sitva. Synopsis of the Neotropical cockroach genus Macrophyllodromia (Or- thoptera: Blattoidea, Epilampridae). Fourteen figures. No. 3461, Published August 29, 1962 CPA wake
New species: Macrophyllodromia panamae, M. ecuadorana.
AnpERSON, Donatp M. The weevil genus Smicronyx in America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). One hundred and fifty-seven figures and one plate. No. 3456, published May 31, 1962 . :
New species: Smicronyx pacificus, S. obscurus, S. albonotatus, S. converus, S. pallidus, S. immaculatus.
Bowman, Tuomas E., and GonzAueEz, JuAN G. Four new species of Pseudocyclops (Copepoda: Calanoida) from Puerto Rico, Eleven figures. No. 3452, published March 20, 1961 en ee Oe ree
New species: Pseudocyclops cokeri, P. paulus, P. rostratus, P. rubrocinctus.
CaMRas, SipNEY. Notes on Australian flies of the family Conopidae. No. 3453, published August 1, 1961 .
New genus: Australoconops.
New species: Conops (Asiconops) australianus, C. (A) nigrescens, Australoconops bridwelli, A. pulcher, A. similis, A. sydney, Microconops ater, M. rufofemoris, Paraconops turneri, P. aristalis, Physocephala australiana, Thecophora papuana.
Cuacr, Fenner A. The non-brachyuran decapod crusta- ceans of Clipperton Island. Seven figures. No. 3466, published August 29, 1962
New species: Petrolisthes haigae.
CuiarKkg, J. F. Gates. Neotropical Microlepidoptera, I and Il. Nine figures. No. 3457, published April 30, 1962 . New genus: Ficivora. New species: Homoeoprepes felisae, H. sympatrica, Ficivora leucoteles.
Page
421-427
185-372
37-59
61-76
605-635
373-388
Til
iV) CONTENTS
CrasBitt, Raven E., Jr. Plectrotaxy as a systematic cri- terion in lithobiomorphic centipedes (Chilopoda: Litho- biomorpha). One figure. No. 3459, published July 12, 1962 UT Pregl eitee 1 CPRSayy AeA? Joy pee ae em
Drake, Cary J., and Menke, ArRNotp S. Water-striders of the subgenus Stridulivelia from Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies (Hemiptera: Veliidae). Three plates. No. 3460, published June 19, 1962 .
New species: Velia epeizis.
Drake, Caru J., and Runorr, Fuorencre A. New genera and new species of lacebugs from the Eastern Hemisphere (Hemiptera: Tingidae). Fourteen figures. No. 3455, published August 1, 1961
New genera: Zorotingis, Banahaona, Zeiratingis, Engyotingis.
New species: Gonycentrum afrum, G. engistum, G. socitum, Ulmus engaeus, Phatnoma agviates, Physatocheila aglaia, P. enalla, P. lautana, Perissonemia sandakana, P. occasa, P. kietana, P. absita, Ulonemia plesia, Parada solla, Leptoypha luzona, Laro- tingis etes, Sabestena alfierti, Zorotingis scitula, Banahaona exalla, Conchotingis borneoana, Zeiratingis peirosa, Z. dissita, Engyotingis cybele, Leptopharsa elachys, Penottus oresbius, P. bunus.
Fuint, Onrver S., Jr. Larvae of the caddis fly genus Rhyacophila in eastern North America (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae). Eleven figures. No. 3464, published May 31, 1962 :
GILL, Gorpon D. The Holemiseatl flies of lamer north of Mexico (Diptera: Heleomyzidae). Ninety-six figures. No. 3465, published August 30, 1962 .
New species: Eccoptomera crypta, E. garretti, Pseudoleria longi- genoidea, P. subrobusta, Anorostoma longipile, A. fumtpenne, A. jamesi, Spanoparea laffooni, Schroederella fuscopicea, Anypotacta czernyi, Amoebaleria infuscata, A. sabroskyi, A. tularensis, Heleomyza diffictlis.
Horrman, Ricnarp L. Revision of the milliped genus Deltotaria (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae). Four figures. No. 3451, published March 17, 1961
New species: Deltotaria mariana, D. lea. Jakosi, Hans, and Sitva, JAYME DE Loyota &. Two new species of Parastenocaris (Copepoda: Harpacticoidea)
from Santa Catarina, Brazil. Two figures. No. 3458, published June 5, 1962 .
New species: Parastenocaris brasilibathynellae, P. hurdt.
Page
399-412
413-419
125-183
465-493
495-603
15-35
389-397
CONTENTS
Kanazawa, RopertH. Paraconger, a new genus with three new species of eels (family Congridae). Three figures and two plates. No. 3450, published January 26, 1961
New genus: Paraconger. New species: Paraconger guianensis, P. notialis, P. californiensis.
Loomis, H. F. New and previously known millipeds of Panama. Eight figures. No. 3454, published August 16, 1961 See ee ar eee ae ee ec ee a ee
New genera: Docodesmiella, Panamadesmus, Teinorhachis, Tracheloaspis, Xenoporus, Enantiogonus, Hypsiloporus.
New species: Glomeridesmus latus, Docodesmiella insularis, Chrondrodesmus pittiert, Oncodesmoides angulatus, Lignydesmus panamanus, Panamadesmus sculptilis, Aceratophallus quadratus, Teinorhachis tenuis, Botrydesmus coronatus, Tracheloaspis tumida, Xenoporus carinaceps, Enantiogonus fragilis, Hypsil- oporus proclivis, Mestosoma isthmianum, Prostemmiulus oculeus, Eurhinocricus cooki, Epinannolene affinis, E. robusta, EH. plana, Siphonocybe pilosa, Siphonophora aviceps, S. panamensis.
Paropiz, JuAN Josh. New and little-known species of
South and Central American snails (Bulimulidae). Two plates. No. 3462, published June 4, 1962 .
New species: Bulimulus corderoit, B. moei, Drymaeus rehderi, D. megastomus, D. waldoschmitti, Protoglyptus (Rimatula) minutissimus.
New subspecies: Drymaeus poecilus tricinctus, Odontostomus fasciatus tenwisculptus.
Uttnom1, Huzio. Gorgonolaureus, a new genus of Asco- thoracid barnacle endoparasitic in Octocorallia. Nine figures. No. 3463, published June 19, 1962 .
New genus: Gorgonolaureus. New species: Gorgonolaureus bikiniensis.
77-123
429-456
457-464
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Proceedings of tre United States
National Museum
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION +- WASHINGTON, D.C.
Volume 113 1961 Number 3450
PARACONGER, A NEW GENUS WITH THREE NEW SPECIES OF EELS (FAMILY CONGRIDAE)
By Rosert H. Kanazawa
Echelus caudilimbatus Poey (1867, p. 247) and the related species, Conger macrops Giinther (1870, p. 40) and Leptocephalus harringtonen- sis Mowbray (1931, p. 1), were omitted from the genus Conger Oken as redefined by Kanazawa (1958). Modern workers have allocated these species to the genus Conger; however, they possess characters in com- mon that are sufficiently distinctive to warrant the recognition of a new genus. ‘This new genus is here described with an appraisal of the species, three of which are new.
The specimens in the collections of the following institutions form the basis of this study: U.S. National Museum (USNM); Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University (MCZ); Department of Zoology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA); Chicago Natural History Museum (CNHM); Bingham Oceanographic Collec- tion, Yale University (BOC); Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila- delphia (ANSP); Museu Municipal do Funchal, Madeira (MMF); and Institut Frangais d’Afrique Noire, Gorée, Senegal (IFAN).
1
2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou. 113
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ie C & Ficure 1.—Views of the head of Paraconger caudilimbatus: a, lateral; B, dorsal; c, ventral view; show the position of surface sensory pores. Symbols: AN, anterior nostrils; PN, posterior nostril; e!, first ethmoidal pore; e?s!, compound pore, second ethmoidal pore and
first supraorbital pore; i!, first infraorbital pore; pm!, first preoperculo-mandibular pore; st, supratemporal pore; L}, first lateral line pore.
I thank the authorities of the above institutions for the loan of specimens and the Smithsonian Institution’s photographic laboratory for the photographs used.
METHODS OF COUNTING AND MEASURING (tables 1-2, pp. 5-6): The total length and distance from tip of snout to anus were recorded to the nearest millimeter by extending the specimens on a measuring board. The length of head was measured from tip of snout to upper edge of gill opening; upper edge of gill opening is designated as that point where the free edge joins the body. The distance from origin
PARACONGER EELS—-KANAZAWA 3
\ WS —~ 4 \ oS x
Ficure 2.—Map showing the distribution of the various species of Paraconger. Symbols: @ caudilimbatus; % notialis; & harringtonensis; @ guianensis;O macrops; ® californiensis; (4 =9 specimens).
of dorsal fin to insertion of pectoral fin was measured between a line drawn from the insertion of the left pectoral fin to the insertion of the right fin and a vertical line was drawn from this line to the origin of dorsal fin. The longest pectoral fin was measured. All measure- ments are expressed in thousandths of total length except the distance from the dorsal origin to pectoral insertion, which is expressed in percent of the length of the pectoral fin. The terminology used in the sensory cephalic pore system as shown in figure 1 was adapted from Allis (1903). The lateral line pores were counted in front of a per- pendicular line through anus. The pectoral rays were counted after the skin was dissected from the bases of these rays.
SENSORY PORES AND ORGANS: The sensory pores of the lateral line of the body and the cephalic pore system are useful in differentiating the various species. The distribution of the pores along the lateral line for the various species are given in table 2. The cephalic pore sys- tem for the species caudilimbatus is shown in figure 1. ‘The species caudilimbatus and macrops have the greatest development of cephalic pores and guianensis has the least. The supratemporal pore is present in macrops and caudilimbatus but absent in the other species. Ten preoperculo-mandibular pores occur in all the species (7 mandibular and 3 opercular), except californiensis which has 11 (8 mandibular and 3 opercular).
PrcroraL FIN RAYS: The number of pectoral rays has differentiated and is useful as a distinguishing character for some species, as is
4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou. 113
V y t id may if ug , : \ \ ‘ ‘\ fa La we oe r ie \ , ON fe ry or a // \ vy ra fa ay /s a\ Ue wv ‘} \ ‘ A y ra fs WN é + if AS a a) } ary re \ f} vi ! vs Ay) \4 fi \ U we | fi 4 ?) \ / A, fi a 4} \ fy A x By \ 1 4 sy 2 t / aL vf WA A
Ficure 3.—Dental pattern of Paraconger californiensis.
shown in table 2. The range of variation for all the species is from 13 to 18 rays.
VERTEBRAE: The difference in the number of vertebrae proves to be of value as a distinguishing character for certain species. The range of variation for the number of vertebrae is from 120 to 148, as is shown in table 2, with macrops and californiensis on the upper end of this range and caudilimbatus and harringtonensis on the lower end.
POSITION OF UPPER EDGE OF GILL OPENING: All the species have the upper edge of gill opening at a level with the upper edge of pectoral fin base with almost no variation, except macrops, which has the upper edge about a quarter of the width of the pectoral fin base above the upper edge of its base.
Paraconger, new genus
Type species, Hchelus caudilimbatus Poey.
Paraconger is characterized as follows: Body elongate, shaped as in Conger; anus in anterior half of body; snout rounded, length about equal to diameter of eye; mouth large extending posteriorly to below posterior part of eye; anterior nostrils tubular at tip of snout; posterior
PARACONGER EELS—-KANAZAWA 5
TasLe 1.—Measurements made on species of Paraconger for certain characters recorded in thousandths of total length
Tip of snout to anus Length of head Species 370 380 390 400 410 420 430 440 | 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 379 389 399 409 419 429 439 449 | 154 159 164 169 174 179 184 189 194 199 macrops 3 2 2) ee guianensis 1 — 2 1 1 1 2 notialis 2 6 2 2 3 -—- 1! californiensis 2 1 1 3. 3 4 1 3 5 4 2 1 caudilimbatus 1 2 1 3 1 2 3 1 harringtonensis 1 1 Length of upper jaw Diameter of eye Species % 475 500 525 550 575 600 625 650 675 | 225 250 275 300 325 350 375 400 499 524 549 574 599 624 649 674 699 | 249 274 299 324 349 374 399 424 macrops 1 3 uf 1 — 2 1 1 guianensis 1 = 2 1 3 1 notialis 3 3 — 2 4 2 1 — 1 californiensis 1 7 2 2 1 4 3 5 1 caudilimbatus 2 2 1 1 —- — 1 2 3 1 1 harringtonensis 1 1
nostrils without tube adjacent to eye, on a level with lower edge of eye to mideye; teeth in jaws in one or two rows, outer row compressed with pointed tips, and in contact basally, forming a cutting edge, teeth in inner row when present conical; vomerine tooth patch short; premaxillary tooth patch squarish with conical teeth; gill opening large, upper edge at a level with upper edge to a quarter of pectoral fin base above pectoral fin base. A pair of large otic bulla present and ethmoidal lateralis ossified. Supratemporal pore 0 or 1, pre- operculo-mandibular pore 10 or 11, supraorbital pores 3 or 4, the fourth supraorbital pore absent; the first and second supraorbital pores are combined to form a single pore; the first infraorbital pore is located at the base of the upper part of each anterior nostril, the second pore is in a groove just in front of upper lip, the third and fourth infraorbital pores are absent, the fifth below mid eye and the sixth posterior to vertex of jaw, the seventh and eighth pores when present are postorbital pores, see figure 1; lateral line pores extend posteriorly from upper part of head to midside of body; pores in lateral line anterior to a perpendicular line through anus number from 30 to 53, pectoral rays 13 to 18, vertebrae 120 to 148; origin of dorsal fin above pectoral fin.
Body uniform brownish or dusky, lighter ventrally; vertical fins dusky, lighter at base and at distal edge.
6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou, 113
Tasie 2.—Counts and measurements recorded for the various species of Paraconger
Lateral line pores Pectoral fin rays Species 30 32 34." 36:38 40: “42: . 44° 46°« 48 50" 562) 13 14 151 16 7s Si 433 Sb cod oO cals 437174550 47 49) 51 bs macrops 6 3 1 3 2 guianensis 2 3 2 1 1 1 3 notialis 5 6 3 1 2 1 3 2 californiensis 3 13 5 4 3 1 caudilimbatus 1 3 2 1 3 1 2 1 harringtonensis 1 1 1 1 Number of vertebrae Species 120 122 124 126 128 1380 182 1384 1386 1388 140 142 144 146 148 121 123)" 1195, 127 | 129) 138i, 133) 135) 137 139 V4 143) 4b 49 macrops 3 1 guianensis 3 _— 1 notialis 3 2 3 californiensis 4 2 —_ 1 — 1 caudilimbatus 1 2 1 harringtonensis 1 Distances of origin of dorsal fin behind insertion of pectoral fin recorded in percent of pectoral fin Species 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 to to to to to to to to to to to to to 29 34 39 44 49 54 59 64 69 74 79 84 89 mMmacrops 1 1 — _— 1 1 _ 1 guianensis 2 — _ _ 2 notialis 1 -- 1 2 a 1 Pj — 1 californiensis 5 1 2 1 _ — 2 —_ 1 1 1 1 caudilimbatus 2 —_ 1 — 1 1 harringtonensis 1
RELATIONSHIPS WITH OTHER GENERA: Paraconger has teeth very similar to Conger, but differs in other characters. Conger has the upper edge of the gill opening at a level near midbase of the pectoral fin, the otic bulla are absent, and the ethmoidal lateralis is not ossi- fied. Paraconger is closely related to Chiloconger Myers and Wade (1941, p. 65); however, the latter does not have compressed teeth in jaws, and all the teeth are conical and are in two or three rows. —
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Paraconger is found in shallow waters from 7 to 40 fathoms in tropical and subtropical marine waters of the Atlantic and eastern Pacific Oceans as far as is known. Two species are found in the eastern Atlantic and three in the western Atlantic, and one is from the eastern Pacific, as is shown on the map, figure 2, p. 3.
PARACONGER HELS—-KANAZAWA z
Key to the species of the Genus Paraconger
la. Pores in lateral line from anus anteriorly 50 to 53; upper edge of gill opening above pectoral base. Madeira.......... P. macrops (Giinther)
15. Pores in lateral line from anus anteriorly fewer than 47; upper edge of gill opening directly anterior to upper edge of pectoral fin base. 2a. Fifth supraorbital pore and postorbital pores absent (see p. 5). 3a. Pores in lateral line from anus anteriorly 30 to 36; pectoral rays 16 to 18; vertebrae 127 to 131. Coast of French Guiana. P. guianensis, new species
35. Pores in lateral line from anus anteriorly 34 to 40; pectoral rays 13 to 16; vertebrae 132 to 137. Senegal to Angola, Africa. P. notialis, new species
2b. Fifth supraorbital pore and postorbital pores present. 4a. Pectoral rays 15 to 18; preoperculo-mandibular pores 11; diameter of eye 2.25 to 3.30 percent of total length; vertebrae 138 to 148. Gulf of California, west coast of Mexico, Central America to Peru. P. californiensis, new species
4b. Pectoral rays 13 to 15, preoperculo-mandibular pores 10, diameter of eye 3.10 to 3.90 percent of total length, vertebrae 121 to 124.
5a. Supratemporal pore present, dorsal rays 181 to 213, anal rays 140
to 152, dorsal fin low. Gulf of Mexico, West Indies, and Bahamas.
P. caudilimbatus (Poey)
5). Supratemporal pore absent, dorsal rays 241, anal rays 176, dorsal finphioht Bermuda 4-4. 42% .2 P. harringtonensis (Mowbray)
Paraconger macrops (Giinther) PLATE 1A
Conger macrops Ginther, 1870 (in part), p. 40, type locality Madeira.
SPECIMENS STUDIED: Five specimens ranging in total length from 319 to 420 mm. from the following localities: Madeira, Funchal Market, USNM 177932, MMF 7728, 8634 (from stomach of Polyprion americanum); Madeira, Garajan MMF 9127A; Europe, no definite locality, MCZ 2532.
Description: Tip of snout to anus 434 to 441, tip of snout to origin of dorsal fin 161 to 200, length of head 151 to 193, snout length 30. to 34, diameter of eye 24 to 33, depth at head 53 to 62, length of upper jaw (to rictus) 51 to 57, length of pectoral fins 45 to 49. Origin of dorsal fin above and behind pectoral fin base by 46.4 to 75.5 percent.
Dorsal rays 288, anal rays 199 (1 specimen); pores in lateral line from anus anteriorly 50 to 53; infraorbital pores 8; supratemporal
8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou, 113
pore 1 or 2; first, second, third, and fifth supraorbital pores present; pectoral rays 14 to 15; vertebrae 145 to 147 (x-ray).
CoLor IN ALCOHOL: Body and head light brown, lighter ventrally, tip of snout and tip of lower jaw dusky; pectoral fins dusky, lighter toward base of fin; a large dusky brown spot covering first 8 rays of dorsal fin and membrane, outer half of dorsal and anal fin dusky brown, basal half and distal edges whitish; lateral line and septum of myomere whitish.
GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE: Madeira.
Remarks: Giinther (1870, p. 40), described Conger macrops from specimens from Bahama and Madeira. The Bahama specimen, B.M. 1855.9.19.1270, was examined by Dr. Ernest Lachner, and found to be Echelus caudilimbatus Poey. Therefore, I restrict the species macrops to the other specimen described by Giinther from Madeira. Dr. Denys Tucker (British Museum) made a special effort to examine the Madeira specimen for me in the Liverpool Museum but was unable to find it.
This species has the greatest degree of differentiation from all other species in the genus because of the greater number of lateral line pores, the upper edge of gill opening is constantly higher and the black spot on the anterior side of dorsal fin is present.
Paraconger guianensis, new species
PLATE 2B—c
Hotoryrs: USNM 158902, 470 mm. in total length, collected off French Guiana, 5°52’ north latitude, 52°3’ west longitude, by a 45 foot Ballerina shrimp trawl, in 40 fathoms by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife motor vessel Oregon, November 12, 1957, Oregon station 2044.
Paratypes: USNM 158901, three specimens 286 to 418 mm. in total length, collected off French Guiana, 5°39’ north latitude, 51°56’ west longitude by a 40-foot flat trawl, in 37 fathoms, by the motor vessel Oregon, November 12, 1957, Oregon station 2046.
Description: Tip of snout to origin of dorsal fin 227 (201 to 223, first number for holotype, numbers in parenthesis for paratypes), tip of snout to anus 415 (391 to 424), depth of head 79 (70 to 87), length of head 199 (188 to 198), length of snout 39 (36 to 40), diameter of eye 39 (37 to 43), length of pectoral fin 73 (68 to 81), tip of snout to vertex of jaws 69 (61 to 68).
Pores in lateral line 32 (30 to 36), pectoral rays 16 to 18, supra- temporal pore, postorbital pores and fifth supraorbital pore absent. The inner row of teeth in upper jaw extends posteriorly to half the length of outer row. Origin of dorsal fin above pectoral base from
KANAZAWA—PLATE 1
113
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PARACONGER EELS—-KANAZAWA 9
25 to 45 percent of pectoral fin posterior to pectoral fin base, vertebrae 127 to 181.
CoLor IN ALCOHOL: Body and head light brown, paler ventrally; a dusky streak above and below eye; outer half of vertical fins dusky, whitish toward basal half and on distal edge; pectoral fins pale, dusky at base and on dorsal edge.
GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE: Off the coast of French Guiana in 37 to 40 fathoms of water.
Remarks: This species is related to notialis but differs from it in having fewer lateral line pores. It differs from caudilimbatus and harringtonensts, the other members of the genus found in the western Atlantic in having fewer cephalic and lateral line pores and more pectoral fin rays and vertebrae.
This species shows a greater degree of differentiation from the other species except macrops because of the fewer number of sensory pores.
Paraconger notialis, new species
PLATE 2D
Conger macrops Cadenat, 1954, p. 566, region de Cayar, Senegal.
?Conger macrops Buettikofer, 1890, p. 450, Liberia—Steindachner, 1894, p. 87, Liberia.—Osorio, 1895, p. 247, Boni Alimento; 1898, p. 199, Cape Verde, Anno Boni.
Houotyre: IFAN 839, 539 mm. in total length, collected May 19, 1949, in 35 to 40 meters depth, Cétes, Senegal, by “G. Treca.”’
PARATYPES: Seven specimens ranging in total length from 389 to 575 mm. from the following localities: Senegal, Cap de Naze, Travers, USNM 177891, IFAN 56-896 and 877; southwest of Cap de Naze, IFAN 55-1452; coast of Senegal IFAN 837 and 58-229, all collected by ‘‘G. Treca”’ in depth of 24 to 50 meters; coast of Angola collected by Numan, during the Baldaque da Silva expedition, MMF 3319.
Description: The numbers recorded first are for the holotype; those in parentheses are for the paratypes. Tip of snout to anus 413 (401 to 420); tip of snout to origin of dorsal fin 206 (196 to 220); length of head 170 (170 to 193); length of snout 31 (30 to 35); diameter of eye 31 (28 to 39); depth of head 78 (68 to 79); tip of snout to vertex of jaw 57 (53 to 60); length of pectoral fin 54 (55 to 61); origin of dorsal fin above 63 percent (31 to 71 percent) behind base of pectoral fin base. Pores in lateral line 34 to 35 (34 to 40); pectoral rays 15 (13 to 16); vertebrae 132 (132 to 137, x-ray).
CoLor IN ALCOHOL: Body and head dusky, lighter ventrally, vertical part of head from lower jaw to upper edge of gill opening pale, tip of lower jaw, dorsal part of head from snout to above eye dusky, around
10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou. 113
eye dusky, pectoral fins faintly dusky, outer half of dorsal and anal fins blackish, basal half whitish, and distal edge whitish. GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE: Coast of Africa from Senegal to Angola, in 24 to 50 meters depth. Remarks: This species is related to guianensis from off the French Guiana coast but differs from it in having more pores in a lateral line. Name derived from the Latin “notialis,” meaning southern.
Paraconger californiensis, new species
Figure 3, PLATE 24
Leptocephalus caudilimbatus Breder, 1928, p. 2, Gulf of California, Conception Bay.
Houotyrpe: USNM 177696, Mexico, Sinaloa, Gulf of California, 25 miles southeast of Bahia Topolobampo, 22 to 27 fathoms, June 7 to 13, 1956, Wayne Baldwin.
Paratypns: USNM 177697, 2 specimens, data same as for holotype; UCLA W56-118, 6 specimens, data same as above; UCLA W52-12, 2 specimens, Mexico, Sonora, Gulf of California, just south of entrance to Estero Soldado, January 27, 1952, B. W. Walker and party; USNM 195854, Mexico, Sonora, Gulf of California, about 100 yards south- east of Estero Soldado, January 28, 1952, Walker and party; UCLA W57-116, Mexico, Chiapas, Bahia Chipequa, in 18 fathoms, March 3, 1957, K. F. Mais; BOC 1149, Mexico, Gulf of California, Conception Bay, May 2, 1926, ‘‘Pawnee’’?; UCLA W53-132, Costa Rica, Cocos Island, Chatham Bay, December 27, 1952, D. Krieger; CNHM 50909, Peru, Talaru Harbor, February 15, 1941, Mandel Expedition.
Description: Tip of snout to anus 433 (370 to 439), first number for holotype, numbers in parentheses paratypes; tip of snout to origin of dorsal fin 182 (171 to 200); depth at head 79 (45 to 79); head length (to upper edge of gill opening) 162 (152 to 171); snout 33 (27 to 36); diameter of eye 25 (22 to 33); pectoral length 58 (44 to 60); length of upper jaw (tip of snout to rictus of jaws) 52 (48 to 57); pores in lateral line 39 and 41 (38 to 46); supratemporal pore 0 (0); pectoral rays 17 (15 to 18); preoperculo-mandibular pores 11; postorbital pores 1 or 2; vertebrae 138 to 148.
CoLor IN ALCOHOL: In small specimens tiny dark specks cover the body except the lower half of head and body; dark specks on lower jaw and anterior half of upper. jaw; a row of dusky spots along lat- eral line and along base of.anal fin, which continues across abdomen to head; all fins pale. In large specimens body and head dusky, lighter ventrally; vertical fins blackish, paler toward basal half and on. distal edge; pectoral fins blackish, pale toward ventral and posterior edge.
GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE: From the Gulf of California southward to Costa Rica and to Talara, Peru, in depth of 18 to 27 fathoms.
PARACONGER EELS—KANAZAWA ll
Remarks: P. californiensis is the only species with 11 preoperculo- mandibular pores. This species and guianensis have the greatest number of pectoral rays. It and macrops have the greatest number of vertebrae. It is related to harringtonensis but differs in having more pectoral rays and a shorter length of head.
Paraconger caudilimbatus (Poey) Figure 1 Echelus caudilimbatus Poey, 1867, p. 249, type locality Cuba; 1870, p. 322. Ophiosoma caudilimbatus Poey, 1868, p. 424, Cuba. Conger macrops Giinther, 1870, in part, p. 40, Bahamas. Conger caudilimbatus Poey, 1876, p. 152, Cuba.—Ginsburg, 1951, p. 489, Alabama, Dauphin Island; Florida, Pensacola, Key West; Cuba. Conger caudicula Bean in Goode and Bean, 1882, p. 435, Pensacola.—Jordan and Gilbert, 1882, p. 262; 1883, p. 900. Leptocephalus caudilimbatus Jordan and Davis, 1892, p. 666.—Jordan and Ever- mann, 1896, p. 355, pl. 57, fig. 149.
SPECIMENS STUDIED: Nine specimens ranging in total length from 77 to 331 mm., from the following localities: Florida, Key West, USNM 131526; Pensacola, USNM 33000, 30709 (type of Conger cau- dicula), 30710 (skeleton); Salerno, USNM 121606; Alabama, Dauphin Island, BOC 3937; Texas, south of Galveston, USNM 158903; Bahama, north of Green Cay, 2 specimens, ANSP, station No. 299.
Description: Tip of snout to origin of dorsal fin 186 to 211, tip of snout to anus 409 to 438, length of head 162 to 176, depth at head 43 to 69, tip of snout to rictus of jaw 53 to 68, length of snout 28 to 42, diameter of eye 31 to 39, pectoral fin length 46 to 63; pores in lateral line 37 to 44, supratemporal pore 1, postorbital 2, preoperculo- mandibular pores 10; pectoral rays 13 to 15; vertebrae 121 to 124 (in 4 specimens), 48 precaudal and 74 caudal vertebrae; origin of dorsal fin from 44 to 67 percent of pectoral fin length behind pec- toral base; posterior nostrils in front of eye on level of lower edge of pupil, rictus of jaw below posterior edge of pupil of eye; dorsal rays 181 to 213, anal rays 140 to 152.
Coitor In ALcoHOL: Head and body dusky, lighter ventrally; tip of lower jaw dusky; vertical fins dusky, lighter at base and at distal edge.
GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE: Florida, Salerno, Key West, Pensacola, coast of Alabama to Galveston, Texas, from Bahamas to Cuba in 13 to 388 fathoms.
Remarks: This species is closely related to harringtonensis, but differs from it in the presence of a supratemporal pore, in the shorter vertical fins, and in having fewer dorsal and anal rays.
Dr. E. A. Lachner has examined the cotype of Conger macrops Gunther, British Museum No. 1855.9.19.1270, from the Bahamas,
12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou, 118
and his counts and measurements show that it is caudzlimbatus. For further discussion, see the remarks under macrops, p. 8.
Paraconger harringtonensis (Mowbray) PLATE 1B
Leptocephalus harringtonensis Mowbray, 1931, p. 1, type locality Bermuda. Conger harringtonensis Beebe and Tee-Van, 1933, p. 46, fig.
SPECIMEN EXAMINED: Holotype, CNHM 48442, Bermuda, Har- rington Sound, at night in 7 fathoms, July 20, 1929, L. S. Mowbray, 389 mm. in total length.
Description: Length of head 180, depth of head 489, tip of snout to origin of dorsal fin 194, tip of snout to anus 443, tip of snout to rictus of jaw 57, length of snout 36, diameter of eye 36, pectoral fin length 50. Dorsal fin rays 241, anal rays 176, origin of anal fin below 76th dorsal ray, pectoral rays 13 and 14, pores in lateral line from a perpendicular to anus anteriorly 44 and 43, vertebrae 123 (x-ray). Supratemporal pore absent; postorbital pores 2; first, sec- ond, third, and fifth supraorbital pores present; infraorbital pores 7; ethmoidal pores 2; preoperculo-mandibular pores 10.
Cotor In tire: According to Mowbray’s description (1931, p. 1), the specimen is silvery grey above, pale below; the belly is so trans- parent that the viscera can be seen through the abdominal wall; the peritoneum is silvery white; the vertical fins are pale, transparent, making every ray visible. He further states that the specimen is conspicuous for the lack of pigment; when living in a bucket it was almost invisible except for its large eyes, which were strikingly conspicuous.
CoLor IN ALCOHOL: Head and body brownish; vertical and paired fins pale.
GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE: Bermuda, only known from the type.
Remarks: This species is closely related to caudilimbatus but dif- fers in lacking the supratemporal pore, in the vertical fins appearing longer, and in having more dorsal and anal rays.
Literature Cited
Auuis, E. P. 1903. The lateral sensory system in the Muraenidae. Inter. Monat. Anat. Physiol., vol. 20, pp. 125-170, pls. Breese, WILLIAM, and TEE-VAN, JOHN 1933. Field book of the shore fishes of Bermuda, xiv+337 pp., illustr. BREDER, CHARLES M., JR.
1928. Scientific results of the second oceanographic expedition of the ‘‘Paw-
nee,’ 1926. Bull. Bing. Ocean. Coll., vol. 2, art. 2, 25 pp., 10 figs. BUETTIKOFER, J.
1890. Reisebilder aus Liberia. II. Die bewohner Liberia’s—thierwelt.
Leyden, vol. 2, pp. 447-453, figs. pls. CapDENatT, J.
1954. Note d’ichtyologie ouest-africaine. VII. Biologie. Régime alimen- taire. Bull. Inst. Frangais d’ Afrique Noire, ser. A, vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 564-583.
Ginsspura, Isaac
1951. The eels of the northern gulf coast of the United States and some re-
lated species. Texas Journ. Sci., vol. 3, pp. 431-485, 16 figs. Goopr, G. Brown, and Brean, Tarueron H.
1882. Descriptions of twenty-five new species of fish from the Southern United States, and three new genera, Letharcus, loglossus and Chiriodorus. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 5, pp. 412-437.
GUNTHER, ALBERT 1870. Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum, vol. 8, xxv+549 pp. JorpaN, Davin Starr, and Davis, BrapLEYy Moore
1892. A preliminary review of the apodal fishes or eels inhabiting the waters of America and Europe. Rep. U.S. Comm. Fish and Fisheries for 1888, pt. 16, appendix No. 10, pp. 581-678, pls. 73-80.
JorpAN, Davip STarr, and EvERMANN, BarToN WARREN
1896. Fishes of North and Middle America. U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 47, pt. 1, 1240 pp.
JorpaNn, Davin Starr, and Ginpert, Cuarues H.
1882. Notes on fishes observed about Pensacola, Florida, and Galveston, Texas, with description of new species. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 5, pp. 241-307.
1883. Synopsis of the fishes of North America, U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 16, 1018 pp.
JorpAN, Davip Starr; EveRMANN, Barton WaRREN; and Ciark, Howarp WALTON
1930. Check list of the fishes and fishlike vertebrates of North and Middle America north of the northern boundary of Venezuela and Colom- bia. Rep. U.S. Comm. Fish. (1928), pt. 2, 670 pp.
KANAZAWA, Rospert H.
1958. A revision of the eels of the genus Conger with descriptions of four new species. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 108, No. 3400, pp. 219-267, 7 figs., 4 pls.
13
14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 113
Mowpsray, Louis L.
1931. Fauna bermudensis, contribution to the natural history of Bermuda,
No. 1, 8 pp. [no pagination], 4 pls. Myers, Greorce §., and Wapr, CHaRLEs B.
1941. Four new genera and ten new species of eels from the Pacific coast of tropical America. Allan Hancock Pac. Exp., vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 65-111, pls. 7-16.
Osorio, BALTHAZAR
1895. Peixes da ilha d’Anno Bom. Journ. Sci. Math., Phys. Nat., Lisbon, 2 ser., No. 12, pp. 243-247.
1898. Da distribuicéio geographica dos peixes e crustaceos colhidos nas possessdes portuguezas d’Africa occidental e existentes no museo nacional de Lisboa. Journ. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat., Lisbon, 2 ser., No. 5, pp. 185-202.
Pony, FELIPE
1867. Peces cubanos. Rep. Fis.-Nat. Isla Cuba, vol. 2, pp. 229-268, 2 pls.
1868. Synopsis piscium cubansium. Rep. Fis.-Nat. Isla Cuba, vol. 2, pp. 279-488, 4 figs.
1870. New species of Cuban fish. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., vol. 9, pp. 317-322.
1876. Enumeration piscium cubansium. Anal. Soc. Espafiola Hist. Nat., vol. 5, pp. 131-218, 2 pls.
STEINDACHNER, FRANZ 1894. Die fische Liberia’s. Notes Leyden Mus., vol. 16, 96 pp., 4 pls.
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1961
ae
a
Proceedings of
the United States
National Museum
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION + WASHINGTON, D.C.
Volume 113 1961 Number 3451
REVISION OF THE MILLIPED GENUS DELTOTARIA (POLYDESMIDA: XYSTODESMIDAE) !
By Ricwarp L. HorrmMan
Introduction
Deltotaria is a distinctive genus of the family Xystodesmidae, characterized particularly by the appreciably elongated coxal apophy- sis of the male gonopod. Although its component species occupy a fairly extensive generic range in the Southern Appalachians and may be locally abundant, Deltotaria was not proposed until 1942, with only three species subsequently added to the present. Pre- sumably the various forms of Deltotaria are even more prone to local endemism than species of related genera, and if this is so many years may elapse before all have been discovered and classified.
Existing descriptions are in general adequate for recognition of the species, but are scattered over a period of years in different journals, and variations particularly in the execution of the illustrations give an impression of greater differences between some of the species than actually exist in nature. Having had the opportunity to study the types of three of the species, as well as to obtain fresh material of several in the field, I believe that a brief summary of Deltotaria,
1 This study was undertaken with the aid of a grant from the National Science Foundation.
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16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118
including descriptions of two new species and some remarks on the status of others, will be useful to other workers interested in xystodes- mids. The present paper constitutes the fifth in a series of generic synopses within this family of diplopods.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The methods of study outlined in previous parts of this series have been generally followed and do not require explanation. A departure from the usual procedure in illustration occurs in the orientation of the gonopods. In general the mesial aspect shows most of the important structures in xystodesmid gonopods; in Delto- taria, however, a ventrolateral aspect of the gonopod—as it would be seen in situ—reveals diagnostic features best and has been adopted for this particular case, although the gonopods have been removed from the specimens and cleared of muscle tissue so that the coxa and the sternal apodeme could also be shown. Fortunately, the gono- pods of the two species that I was unable to personally study have also been illustrated from this aspect and permit a satisfactory comparison of figures.
The type specimens of three species, D. brimleii, brimleardia, and tela, are in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (ANSP), and I am very much indebted to James A. G. Rehn and Harold J. Grant, Jr., for the opportunity to study them. The holotype of D. philia is in the personal collection of R. V. Cham- berlin at the University of Utah, but has been temporarily misplaced and thus is not available for examination. Types of the two new species here described are in the U.S. National Museum. Thus, of the six forms which are recognized in the genus, I have seen the types of five, and have seen two of the species in life. It is once more a pleasure to express my thanks to Leslie Hubricht, who obtained specimens of both of the new forms and most generously donated them to me (RLH).
REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Deltotarva was not proposed until 1942, when the genus and its type species brimlewt were defined by Nell B. Causey, who pointed out the general affinity of the genus with Apheloria. The original description is short, but concise and generally satisfactory. The type specimens of brimleii were from Swannanoa, North Carolina.
Several years later, R. V. Chamberlin (1947) published the descrip- tion of a second species from North Carolina which he named Delto- teria nigrimontis. Allocation of this species to Deltotaria was pre- sumably made on the basis of the telopodite shape, which is similar to that of brimlew. In other respects the gonopods of the two are
DELTOTARIA MILLIPEDS—HOFFMAN 17
rather dissimilar, nigrimontis having a large acute prefemoral process but completely lacking a distinct coxal apophysis, the one outstanding character on which Deltotaria was founded. In 1949 I erected a third new name in Deltotaria for a species that differed from the type species in the same ways as did nigramontis. Subsequent study has shown that my D. coronata is a subspecies of Dixioria pela, and that D. nigrimontis is a member of the genus Sigiria. My revision of Dizioria (1956) contains a detailed discussion of this situation.
Two other species from western North Carolina, congeneric with D. brimleii, were named by Causey—D. tela (1950a) and D. brim- leardia (1950b)—both with coxal apophyses on the gonopods and thus confirming the generic significance of the character.
In 1949, Chamberlin named a new xystodesmid species from north Georgia and made it the type of the genus Phanoria, which was diagnosed with the following words: ‘‘Telopodite of male gonopod a simple apically acute blade curved in a semicircle; on anterior side of coxa a process in form of an erect blade, in this differing, for example, from Sigmoria.”” The illustration of the gonopod of Phanoria philia depicts a configuration perfectly typical of Deltotaria, and philia was subsequently transferred to that genus by Chamberlin and Hoffman (1958).
So far, then, four valid species have been proposed in Deltotaria, to which the present account adds two more, both from western North Carolina, clearly the center of abundance for the genus.
TAXONOMIC CHARACTERS
Many of the xystodesmid genera of the southern Appalachian region are readily distinguishable on the basis of general appearance, once the student has first learned to recognize their species by use of the male genitalia. Thus, the recognition of such genera as Nannaria, Boraria, Cherokia, and Pleuroloma is easy enough, but the correct allocation of specimens in the genera Apheloria, Sigmoria, Sigiria, Cleptoria, and Brachoria (among others) is by no means simple even with male specimens at hand. In the present state of knowl- edge the generic position of females usually cannot be determined except in the few areas where the fauna is well known and association with males is possible. Fortunately, although Deltotaria seems to be a member of this generic complex, it is specialized enough to be readily identifiable. The males, of course, are characterized by the conspicuous coxal apophysis of the gonopods, but both sexes may be placed at once in Deltotaria by the complete absence of cranial setae. These setae are often, or even commonly, rubbed off in preserved material of other genera, but their occurrence can be verified by the setal sockets visible when the head is suitably oriented in strong
18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 118
ANS i Esty,
Ficure 1.—Structural details of Deltotaria: a, Hypoproct of D. mariana; b, same, of D. tela; c, same, of D. lea; d, paranotum of 13th segment, dorsal aspect, of D. tela; e, same, of D. mariana; f, epiproct and paranota of segments 18 and 19 of D. mariana; g, left gonopod, mesal aspect, of D. mariana; h, ventral aspect of segment 7, with 8th leg of right side and gonopod of left side removed, of D. mariana. Abbreviations: CA, coxal apoph- ysis; CX, coxa; GA, gonopod aperture; IZF, interzonal furrow; PFP, prefemoral process; PZ, prozonite; STA, sternal apodeme; STG, stigma; TL, telopodite. The straight line in figure 1d points to the caudal projection of the paranotum characteristic of several species.
DELTOTARIA MILLIPEDS—HOFFMAN 19
Ficure 2.—Left gonopods, in mesal aspect, of four species of Deltotaria: a, D. tela, topotype from Bent Creek, N.C.; 6, D. brimleardia, holotype from Sevier County, Tenn.; c, D, brimleii, holotype from Swannanoa, N.C. (figure from Causey, 1942); d, D. mariana, holotype, from Transylvania County, N.C. 2, a,b, and d drawn to the same scale; figure 2c enlarged from the original drawing to approximately the correct scale. Abbreviations: b, process B of telopodite; sl, solenomerite.
20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 113
light. The five species of Deltotaria examined show no trace of setal sockets, a fact that makes the genus unique among those known to me.
Except for small and almost intangible details of form and texture, the various species of Deltotaria are very similar in external appear- ance. ‘This condition, typical of most related genera as well, directs
Ficure 3.—Left gonopods, in mesal aspect, of two species of Deltotaria: a, D. lea, holotype from Lincoln County, N.C.; b, D. philia, holotype, from Clarkesville, Ga. (figure from Chamberlin, 1949). Figure 3a drawn to same scale as Figure 2, a, b, and d.
most of our attention to the form of the gonopods in a search for taxonomic characters at the species level.
Several details of body form, such as the submarginal pleural groove noted in the description of D. brimlew, deserve further atten- tion and confirmation as valid characters. Some of the species are obviously more vaulted than others (that is to say, the paranota are obviously more depressed and continue the convexity of the dorsum), but this variable needs to be defined on the basis of a statistical study when more specimens are available.
DELTOTARIA MILLIPEDS—HOFFMAN PAK
The color pattern appears to be much the same in all of the species.
One character which seems to be constant and doubtless significant at the species level is the form of the caudolateral corner of the para- nota. In two species (tela and lea) the peritremata are prolonged slightly caudad beyond the caudal edge of the paranota and result in a small but distinct projection (fig. 1d). In brimleardia and mariana (and, I suspect, also in brimlew), the caudolateral corner of the para- nota is evenly rounded (fig. le). If the last three forms mentioned eventually prove to be conspecific, this character is one which may be diagnostic for a given species, but also one shared by other species
Ficure 4.—Distribution of the six species of Deltotaria: Solid square, D. brimleii; solid triangle, D. brimleardia; solid inverted triangle, D. tela; solid spot, D. philia; open triangles, D. mariana; open spot, D. lea.
separated by other details. For instance, I think it very unlikely that tela and lea will be found to be conspecific, yet they are very similar in paranotal configuration.
The gonopods are basically similar in general form, with specific differences chiefly in the shape of the coxal apophysis and the terminal end of the telopodite. The former is not distinctive for four of the species, but is appreciably shortened in lea and remarkably elongated in philia. The prefemur of the telopodite is produced on the coxal side into a short, blunt homolog of a prefemoral process in all of the
Dep PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118
forms, and in lea this development is provided with a small acute spine.
The distal end of the telopodite is modified in all of the species, but through a considerable range of form. The simplest occurs in philia, where the end is only very slightly expanded, with a vague subterminal angle on the inside of the arc, the angle imparting a somewhat hastate shape. D. lea has the telopodite apex more expanded and laminate. In mariana most of the terminal expansion is caused by a broad lobation on the outer side of the subterminal arc; distad to this broad area the solenomerite is rather abruptly recurved. This general form is elaborated by brimleardia in which a subterminal lobe or process (labeled ‘B” on the drawings) occurs. Process B becomes even more distinct in brimleii, and the solenomerite is recurved to the extent of being directed toward the tip of the process. Finally, in tela, the end of the telopodite is rather broadly expanded and somewhat twisted so that the lobe presumably homologous with B is located on the outer edge of the gonopod are instead of on the inside as in the other two species.
It is certainly premature to attempt groupings of species beyond a few obvious cases of affinity, and no effort is made to arrange either the key or sequence of species to reflect phylogeny. The preceding allusion to changes in the gonopods, of course, does not imply a linear evolutionary sequence within the genus, although I do not think that the homogeneity of Deltotaria is open to question.
With females of only two species available, I have made no attempt to utilize the cyphopod structure other than to establish its general resemblance to the form occuring in related genera.
Genus Deltotaria Causey
Deltotaria Causey, 1942, p. 165.—Chamberlin and Hoffman, 1958, p. 29. Phanoria Chamberlin, 1949, p. 101 (type species, P. philia Chamberlin, by original designation).
Typrr species: Deltotaria brimleit Causey, by original designation.
Diacnosis: A genus of aphelorine xystodesmids with the following characteristics (diagnostic features given in small capital letters):
Head smooth and polished, the vertigial groove terminating in a very faint and shallow, but occasionally punctuate depression; FRONS AND VERTEX WITHOUT CRANIAL SETAE; antennae slender and long, extending caudad to posterior edge of third tergite, with four sensory cones; genae swollen, without or with only a very faint median depression.
Paranota moderately developed, typically depressed and continuing slope of dorsum, peritremata not strongly set off except on caudalmost segments; ozopores normal in distribution and position, opening on
DELTOTARIA MILLIPEDS—HOFFMAN 23
the dorsal side of the peritremata. Lateral margins of segments 2—4 not completely set off, the submarginal groove not attaining the caudal edge of the paranota. Tergites typically smooth and polished, the anterior half of the metatergites slightly coriaceous, upper surface of paranota usually distinctly wrinkled.
Sterna smooth and glabrous except for several posterior to the 7th segment; sloping upward gradually from the interzonal furrow to an acute-edged shelf between the second leg pair of each segment, not produced into subcoxal spines or lobes. Legs of normal length and form, both coxae and prefemora with ventrodistal spines.
Coxae of gonopods large, almost in contact mesally, connected by a partially sclerotized sternal remnant; EACH COXA WITH AN ELONGATE SUBCONICAL APOPHYSIS WHICH PROJECTS DISTAD TOWARD OR OVER BASE OF THE PREFEMOUR, latter typically without prefemoral process; coxal macrosetae on the dorsal side of the apophysis instead of the ventral as in Pachydesmus. Prefemur subglobose, with long fine setae, prolonged distally without interruption into the slender, arcuate telopodite blade, which is unbranched or modified except for various subterminal expansions or lobes, the solenomerite always terminal.
Anterior edge of ventral ends of pleurotergite of third segment in females produced cephalomesad into a large rounded elongate lobe forming the point of attachment of the second leg pair, but the adjacent edge of the segment is not elevated into a high flange as in the other- wise similar corresponding region in Pachydesmus. Median branches of the tracheal apodemes of second sternite expanded and partially fused, the surface thus formed somewhat larger and more removed from the coxae than in related genera.
Range: Extreme southern Appalachians and adjoining Piedmont regions in North Carolina, Tennessee, and Georgia, and doubtless also South Carolina.
Species: The following six, separable by the characters stipulated in the key and illustrated or discussed below: brimlezi, mariana, brimlear- dia, tela, lea, and philia, the second and fifth named being new species.
ReEwATIONSHIPS: The genus Deltotaria is a member of the group of xystodesmid genera endemic to eastern United States in which the telopodite of the male gonopod is composed of a subglobose enlarged prefemoral division (usually with a distinct prefemoral process) which abruptly narrows into a normally slender, unbranched, spirally coiled or subfalcate blade. In all of these genera the body form is broad and compact, the ozopores located dorsally, the sterna broad and unarmed, and the gonopod aperture large and transversely oval. Most of the generic names in this ensemble were originally proposed for one or only a few species, and subsequent discoveries have in many cases
567155—61——2
24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 118
largely bridged the gaps between the genera or at least compelled their redefinition on the basis of characters other than those originally em- ployed. The groups of species currently going under the names Apheloria, Dixioria, Sigiria, Sigmoria, and Cleptoria are at present inseparable except on the basis of gonopod structure, and some com- bination is doubtless to be expected as a result of future critical studies.
In most respects Deléotaria is very similar to the genera mentioned but differs in two important respects—the lack of cranial setae and the development of coxal apophyses on the gonopods. Both of these features are probably specializations, and on the basis of other char- acters I judge the relationship to be largely with the species of Sigiria, which occur in the same general region. The similarity of the gono- pods of Deltotaria tela to those of Sigiria rubromarginata is noteworthy, and the color pattern is virtually identical in all the species of both genera.
Within the confines of generic limits, the species of Deliotaria show considerable individuality in specific expression. It is difficult to postulate which characters are specialized and thereby to achieve an insight into evolutionary tendencies, but my inclination is to regard the simple falcate gonopod form and the least convex body shape as in the nature of generalized features. The species of Deltotaria so characterized both occur in the Piedmont region on the periphery of the generic range (perhaps in a sort of relict status). The species (or subspecies) brimleii, mariana, and brimleardia represent the other extreme and are centrally located in the high ranges of the Blue Ridge (see fig. 4).
The last three forms named constitute an interesting problem in their own right. Obviously closely related, they are also apparently sympatric and I anticipate that future collections may show them to be geographic races of one species. Uncertainty about the gonopod structure of brimlew (the genitalia being lost from the holotype) is perhaps the major reason that mariana is proposed here as a full species rather than as a subspecies of brimleardia.
Only one of the six forms of Deltotaria is known from more than one locality. This form, mariana, has been collected from three places over a range of some 30 miles, and all of the material is virtually identical; thus mariana differs consistently from the type specimen of brimleardia, which was taken about 40 miles west of the mariana localities. The specific characters employed to separate the two, while not outstanding, do appear to be constant and allow identifica- tions to be made with some degree of confidence.
DELTOTARIA MILLIPEDS-—-HOFFMAN 25
Key to the Species of Deltotaria
1. Distal end of gonopod simple, without a subterminal process, only slightly expanded ifatall.... . : 2 Distal end of gonopod usually eepanded fad with! an accessory isapierniaal process (B) derived from the outer margin, as well as a terminal sole- nomerite ..... . wrest ote 3
2. Apical end of ieonadite noe Aeeeee bepadened, Sally HO a loa dentation on the inner side; coxal apophysis long, extending well over prefemoral division of the telopodite . .. . . . . philia (Chamberlin) (p. 34) Apical end of telopodite at least Woticeably expanded to twice the width of
the narrowest part of the blade; coxal apophysis much shorter, not extending
over the prefemur. . . . .. . . lea, new species (p. 33)
3. Process B of gonopod long, asta isitearia solenomerite recurved strongly toward tip of the process and almost in contact with it, imparting a dis-
tinetly forcipate appearance .. . . . . . . brimleii Causey (p. 25) Process B of gonopod much smaller, little more than a rounded or subacute lobe of the margin. . . Be ee tees 4
4. Apical end of gonopod broadly eepanded nad pone Wat Penied on the main axis of the blade, bringing process B into a position on the outer side of the curvature as seen in ventrolateral aspect; caudolateral corners of paranota acute; coxa of gonopod very large with reference to size of the telopodite.
tela Causey (p. 31)
Apical end of gonopod slender, the outline broadened only by the presence of a slightly convex lobation of the outer margin and the accompanying develop- ment of process B; caudolateral corners of paranota rounded; coxa of gono- pod not so large in comparison to size of the telopodite ...... is
5. Coxite of gonopod small, its greatest width only 86 percent of the length of the telopodite arc; subterminal expansion of telopodite very moderate, but the process B large and conspicuous . . . . brimleardia Causey (p. 30)
Coxite of gonopod larger, its greatest width about 102 percent of the telopodite are length; subterminal expansion of telopodite pronounced and con- spicuous, but process B small and easily overlooked.
mariana, new species (p. 28)
Deltotaria brimleii Causey FIGURES 2c, 4
Deltotaria brimleit Causey, 1942, p. 165, figs. 1-2—Chamberlin and Hoffman, 1958, p. 30.
Type specIMEN: Male holotype, ANSP, from Swannanoa, Bun- combe County, North Carolina, collected by C.S. Brimley on May 26, 1923; female topoparatype in the collection of Nell B. Causey.
Diacenosis: Telopodite of male gonopod abruptly curved distally, with a rather long, digitform subterminal process (fig. 2c, B); caudal
26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 113
edge of sides of segments set off by a well-defined vertical submarginal sroove; interzonal furrow also broad and distinct down the sides.
DESCRIPTION OF HOLOTYPE (originally preserved dry, later placed in alcohol, at present both gonopods and segment 11 are missing): Length indeterminate; width of body at segment 6, 8.2 mm.; seg- ment 9, 8.3 mm.; segment 12, 8.1 mm.; depth of segment 9, 5.4 mm.; the W/D ratio thus 65 percent and indicative of depressed paranota.
Head, especially the frontal region, strongly convex, evenly so to the edges, genae likewise convex and swollen, with only a vaguely defined median depression. Labral setae about 14-16, clypeal setae about 16-18, the series not continued onto the genal margins. Labral teeth small and blunt. No cranial setae, or their sockets, present. Interantennal isthmus broad (about 1.6 mm.), twice the length of the first antennal article.
Antennal sockets unusually broad and deep for a xystodesmid species, due partly to the strong convexity of the genae. Antennae long (6.5 mm.) and slender, extending caudad to middle of third tergite, sparsely setose, articles in decreasing order of length, 6—2-3- 4—5-1-7. Sensory cones four, small, seventh article without sensory areas, its marginal setae curving mesad over the sensory cones.
Collum broad, as wide as segment 2, the caudal margin nearly straight, anterior margin broadly convex, the lateral ends strongly depressed and descending, surface smooth and very finely tubercu- late. Anterior marginal ridge distinct up to level of the mandibular- cranial articulation.
Paranota of segments 2-4 not swept forward, but distinctly trans- verse, descending, the tergites smooth except for scattered micro- tubercules; peritremata of these and other segments not completely set off—the submarginal groove not attaining the caudal edge of the paranota—so that a smooth raised peritremal area is continuous with a similar one along the caudal edge, enclosing a somewhat coriaceous, slightly impressed, discal paranotal area.
Scapulorae marginal laterally, but the outer edge curves strongly caudal upon meeting the body cylinder before curving cephalad to join the interzonal furrow. Pores located at midlength of peritremata, on the dorsal side. Interzonal furrow very faint, almost obliterated across dorsum (the prozonite and metazonite thus meeting at a com- mon level), but becoming a broad shallow groove down the sides and across the sternites. Surface of prozonites very finely shagreened or smooth, surface of metazonites finely granular-coriaceous, surface of paranota coriaceous with the wrinkles oriented longitudinally.
Paranota from about segment 10 gradually swept caudad, becoming increasingly angular with the peritremata larger and more conspicuous. Paranotal lobes of segment 18 acutely triangular, those of segment 19
DELTOTARIA MILLIPEDS—-HOFFMAN 27
rounded-oval. Epiproct subtriangular, distally truncate-conical, with two whorls of setae, the basalmost of which is continued down lateral edges of the segment. Paraprocts convex, nearly smooth but for fine vertical striations, the mesal margins unusually elevated. Dorsal setiferous tubercule set on the raised margin, the ventral tubercule distinctly removed from the margin and set closer to middle of the paraproctal disc. Hypoproct acutely triangular, the two paramedian tubercules set almost at the apex.
Caudal margins of segments conspicuously set off by a broad, shal- low, sharply defined furrow running from the under side of paranota to upper end of coxal socket, isolating the caudal edge as a distinct ele- vated rim; remaining surface of sides smooth and unmodified except on the anterior third of body where produced into a low subconical knob just above and between the coxal sockets.
Legs inserted on strongly elevated podosterna, the anterior face of which slopes steeply to the interzonal furrow, the posterior face being slightly overhung by the angular transverse shelf between the caudal leg pair; podosterna of segments 8-12 each with 4 to 8 scattered setae in an irregular row between the legs. Legs set about 1.5 mm. apart, those of the posterior pair distinctly closer together than the anterior. No subcoxal sternal spines nor median cruciform impression.
Legs long and slender, sparsely setose except for tibia and tarsus, which are, particularly on the dorsal surfaces, densely set with stout bristles. Pretarsus long, slender, and slightly sinuous, compressed, with a median dorsal carina and two smaller paramedian carinae; underside smooth. Coxae and prefemora with stout spines, the coxae of legs 1-14, however, not noticeably armed. Joints of legs at mid- body, in order of decreasing length 3-6—2-1—4—5.
Anterior sternites rather broad and without processes except for low indistinct knobs between legs of third and fourth pairs. Anterior legs not modified except for somewhat more strongly curved pretarsi. Seminal processes of second leg pair low, cylindrical.
Gonopod aperture large, transversely oval, with distinct raised lateral and caudal rims. Prozonite of seventh segment reduced to a narrow strip in front of the aperture. Gonopods missing from the vial; the following statement is from the original description: “In situ main blades of gonopods subparallel and perpendicular to longitudinal axis of body. Flattened apical third of main blade bent cephalad, ending in a thin subapical process and an attenuated apical hook [i.e., solenomerite]. Basal medial portion of blade thickly setose and prox- imal third sparsely setose. A large pointed peg on medial side of coxa and adjacent to the curved coxal spine of the gonopod.” Sub- terminal process B is of about the same size and shape as the sole- nomerite, and thus more conspicuous than in other species of the genus (see fig. 2c).
28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 1138
Remarks: Only the type specimens are known. I have on several occasions made unsuccessful attempts to secure fresh material in the vicinity of Swannanoa. The color in life is unknown, but enough pigmentation remained in the dried types for Causey to observe that the tergites are brown, with the paranota and caudal margins faded reddish orange, and the ventral surfaces and legs yellowish. This coloration is similar to the living coloration of D. tela and mariana, and may be characteristic for the entire genus, as it is for Sigiria.
On the basis of gonopod structure D. brimleii is certainly closest to brimleardia and mariana. Whether it resembles them in the form of the paranota cannot be stated at this time, the character being one that I did not observe at the time of studying the type of brimleit. My personal impression is that the three forms may be only geographic races of one polytypic species, something that can be checked with future field studies in western North Carolina.
The peculiar form of the lateral margination of the segments in bramleu is not inconceivably the result of the type having been first dried and subsequently placed in alcohol. For the present I can only note the situation for the attention of the investigator who may secure fresh material.
Distrisution: D. brimleit is so far known only from the type locality, in the Swannanoa Valley at the junction of the Blue Ridge with the Black Mountains.
Deltotaria mariana, new species Fiaures 1,a,e—h; 2d; 4
Typr specimens: Male holetype and female paratype, USNM 2662 from the Pink Beds Recreation Area, Pisgah National Forest, 8 miles north-northwest of Brevard, Transylvania County, North Carolina, collected on July 30, 1958, by R. L. and Marian S. Hoffman.
Diacnosis: A moderate-size species of Deltotaria related to D. brimleardia, from which (as well as other members of the genus) it differs in the characteristic terminal formation of the gonopod telopo- dite, which is subterminally expanded with a prolonged solenomerite and with the subterminal process very small, thin, and acute.
DESCRIPTION OF HOLOTYPE: Structurally similar to D. brimleii, but for the following particulars:
Length 33.0 mm.; width of segment 6, 7.6 mm.; segment 12, 8.0 mm.; segment 16, 7.8 mm.
Tergites (in life) rich glossy brownish black, with caudolateral corners of paranota, posterior third of metatergites, epiproct, and circumference of collum bright orange-red; underparts pale yellowish tan, legs becoming bright yellow distally. Head and antennae (in life) brown.
DELTOTARIA MILLIPEDS—HOFFMAN 29
Head of normal contour, not strongly convex; genae with distinct median groove; vertigial suture’distinct, with a single row of small punctures. Labral setae 6-6 (the series interrupted above the labral teeth), clypeal setae 8-8, not extending laterad onto genal margins.
Antennae long (6.8 mm.), extending back to fourth tergite, the articles in decreasing order of length 2—5-6-3-4-1-7. Interantennal isthmus proportionately much narrower than in brimleit (18 percent of antennal length instead of 25 percent).
Collum distinctly narrower than the second tergite.
Metatergites with distinctly depressed paranota, which continue the dorsal convexity; dorsal surface of paranota and of middorsal region, particularly of segments in the posterior half of body, coriaceous, most distinctly so just behind the interzonal furrow, the sculpture visible to the eye without magnification. Peritremata only moderately developed, and do not on any segment project beyond caudal edge of the paranota (fig. 1e). Paranota of segment 19 in the form of short, rounded lobes.
Caudal edge of segments set off on the sides by a tiny narrow sub- marginal ridge, without a distinct submarginal furrow; sides of most segments with a distinct low conical knob above base of the posterior leg pair. Interzonal furrow very distinct down sides, and especially so in front of the stigmata.
Podosterna distinctly elevated, forming a nearly flat surface, which slopes abruptly down to the level of the prozonite well behind the interzonal furrow; surface of podosterna of most segments posterior to the gonopods with a distinct median subcircular shallow depression. Sternal setae reduced both in size and number, occurring in about four pairs only on segments 8 through 10, near the base of the coxae.
Gonopod aperture large and transverse, of the form as shown in figure 1h, the caudal edge slightly elevated above level of the inter- coxal surface of the segment. Coxa of gonopods large, the coxal apophysis of about average size and shape for the genus. Prefemur with a low, rounded knob on the coxal side, distad of which the telopo- dite blade is rather abruptly recurved and attenuated, becoming narrower to the distal fourth where distinctly broadened by a lobation of the outer margin, and here provided with a small, thin, acute, submarginal dentate flange probably homologous with process B of brimlett and brimleardia. Distad to the expanded portion the tel- opodite is continued as a slender, curved, solenomerite.
VARIATION: Specimens taken near the type locality agree in most particulars with the preceeding descriptive notes but differ consider- ably in size. The males are not only smaller than the holotype, but are also smaller than the females collected with them. Six males range in length from 26 to 32 mm. (average, 28.5 mm.) and from
30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 113
6.5 to 7.0 mm. (average 6.8 mm.) in greatest width. Four females vary in length from 30 to 34 mm. (average 31.5 mm.) and in width from 7.4 to 7.6 mm (average 7.5 mm.). The females tend to have much narrower transverse bands or orange on the tergites, and, of course, to be bulkier in body form with somewhat longer and more slender legs than the males. The distribution of sternal setae appears to be constant in all of the specimens examined.
Remarks: At the type locality, this species was collected in rich, moist, tulip-poplar forest with a scattered understory of rhododendron. Species in the xystodesmid genera Cherokia, Sigmoria, and Nannaria were found in association. Only the two specimens of mariana were obtained during an expenditure of about two man-hours of collecting, while more than 40 individuals of Cherokia georgiana were found. The species was also obtained a few miles away by Leslie Hubricht, who secured 11 specimens wandering at night. This locality differs from that just described in having more rhododendron and hemlock. At Highlands, North Carolina, specimens were found in well-drained oak- hickory forest with a Kalmia understory. The species is apparently very secretive; only a few have been obtained at Highlands despite field work extending over a period of almost 10 years.
DisrrisutTion: Extreme western North Carolina, chiefly on the headwater drainage system of the French Broad River. Known from three localities in the Pisgah and Blue Ridge ranges, the species can be expected to occur in adjoining parts of South Carolina and Georgia. Specimens are at hand from the following localities:
NortH CAROLINA: TRANSYLVANIA couNTy: Along the Chubb Gap Trail, Pink Beds Recreation Area, 8 miles NNW of Brevard, 107, 19, July 30, 1958, R. L. and M. 8. Hoffman (USNM, types). Sycamore Flats Camp Ground, Pisgah National Forest, 5 miles north of Brevard, 667, 59, May 26, 1958, Leslie Hubricht (RLH). Macon county: East side of Satulah Mountain near High- lands, 1c’, 19, June 1, 1954, R. L. and R. B. Hoffman (RLH). Highlands Plateau, without exact locality, 1, July 1955, J. C. Knepton (RLH).
Deltotaria brimleardia Causey Figures 2b, 4
Deltotaria brimleardia Causey, 1950a, p. 7, figs. 2-3——Chamberlin and Hoffman, 1958, p. 29.
TYPE SPECIMEN: Male holotype, ANSP, from Ramsey Prong, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Sevier County, Tennessee, collected by Henry Hanson on July 10, 1947.
Diacnosts: A small species of the genus, similar to D. mariana in size, paranotal shape, and general appearance of the gonopods, but differing in the much smaller coxae, the less expanded subterminal part of the telopodite, and the distinctly larger marginal process B of the latter area.
DELTOTARIA MILLIPEDS—HOFFMAN 31
DescripTION oF HOLOTYPE: Adult male, preserved just after moulting, at present colorless and soft, about 25 mm. in length and 6.0 mm. in greatest width.
The specimen differs from the description of D. brimleii in much the same ways as does mariana, but with the following noteworthy structural details:
Labral setae about 12-13, clypeal setae about 16-16; in addition to these there are four or five submarginal setae in a row up to about the midlength of the genae, these not observed in the other species of the genus. Labral teeth large and distinct. Genae with median groove.
Podosterna not strongly elevated, their median surface sloping evenly from the caudal edge down to the interzonal furrow. All sterna posterior to gonopods entirely glabrous, no subcoxal setae even on eighth segment.
Caudal edges of sides of segments not noticeably set off by sub- marginal ridges or furrows; lower sides not produced into low knobs above the coxae.
Gonopod aperture large and transverse, similar in shape to that of marvana, but the caudal edge is not margined and flush with the intercoxal surface of segment 7. Gonopod coxae small in proportion to size of the telopodite, differing considerably from mariana in this respect (compare fig. 1, b and d). Telopodite blade much less acutely bent in the postfemoral region, and subterminal expansion less pro- nounced. Process B of telopodite surpassed by a long, slender, solenomerite, evenly and slightly curved instead of noticeably recurved as in mariana and brimleiz.
Remarks: It is unfortunate that only one imperfect specimen of this form is available for study. Its affinities are clearly with mariana, and I anticipate the discovery of intermediate forms by future collect- ing in the Pisgah and Balsam Ranges. If, however, the characters that serve to distinguish the two at the present (such as the presence of setae on the genal margins and their absence from the sternites in brimleardia) are found to be constant for the population of the Great Smokies, subspecific status for mariana would still be desirable. This latter form is very homogeneous over its known range, the males from Highlands showing no approach whatever to the characters of brimleardia.
Deltotaria tela Causey Figures 1,b,d; 2a; 4 Deltotaria tela Causey, 1950b, p. 38, figs. 3-5.—Chamberlin and Hoffman, 1958, p. 30.
TyPE SPECIMEN: Holotype male, ANSP, from the Bent Creek Forest
Experiment Station, about 7 miles southwest of Asheville, Buncombe
32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 113
County, North Carolina, collected by Nell B. Causey on April 30, 1939. Diaenosts: A large broad species of the genus, in which the gonopod is characterized by the pronounced subterminal expanded area. The very slightly elevated podosterna also appear to signalize this form. DESCRIPTION OF TopoTYPE: Adult male 33 mm. in length; width of segment 6, 9.0 mm.; segment 9, 9.0 mm.; segment 12, 8.5 mm.; segment 16, 7.6 mm.
Color in life dark glossy brownish black, with upper surface of paranota, caudal edges of metatergites, epiproct, and circumference of collum bright orange red, underparts dirty white, legs grading to pink distally; head and antennae brown.
Head somewhat flattened between the antennal sockets, vertigial groove distinct but not punctate. Median genal depressions distinct, continuous with the flat surface of the clypeus. Labral setae about 12-12, clypeal setae about 9-9, not extending onto lower genal margins. Interantennal isthmus proportionately narrow (1.2 mm.), only 17 per- cent of the antennal length (7.0 mm.).
Antennae extending back to middle of fourth tergite, article 2 the longest, articles 3-6 subequal in length, article 1 much longer than 7.
Collum distinctly broader than the following tergite, extending ventrolaterad about 0.5 mm. below it on each side; anterolateral marginal groove distinct.
Form of tergites similar to that described for D. brimlewi. Caudo- lateral corners of paranota produced into a small acute lobe which projects beyond caudal edge of each paranotum. Paranota of seg- ment 18 elongate-triangular, those of segment 19 distally rounded lobes.
Hypoproct semicircular, but with a small and distinct median angle.
Caudal edges of segments set off by a fine but distinct marginal ridge running from under side of paranota down to coxal sockets, this ridge set off by a slight, shallow depression suggesting that found more conspicuously in brimlewt. Remainder of sides of segments smooth except on segments anterior to eighth, which are produced into low conical knobs over the coxae.
Podosterna low and vaguely defined, sloping upward very gradually from level of the interzonal furrow, and with one and often two dis- tinct broad median depressions. Podosterna with transverse rows of scattered setae as far back as segment 15.
Gonopod aperture large and transversely ovoid, its lateral ends rounded, the caudolateral edges flanged, with a low flange in front of the depressed intercoxal surface of the segment.
Gonopods with noticeably large coxae. Telopodite distinctly less curved than in the other species, the distalmost fourth abruptly recurved proximad and strongly expanded, the lamellate area extended
DELTOTARIA MILLIPEDS—HOFFMAN 33
into a thin, flat, slightly twisted solenomerite. Prefemoral division of gonopod with a small, upright conical prefemoral process.
Remarks: The described specimen agrees closely in all respects with the holotype. The apparent difference in bulk of the telopodite of the gonopods suggested by Causey’s illustration and the present drawing is due to differences in drawing technique.
D. tela is apparently not common. Three attempts were made to secure fresh material at the type locality before I was rewarded by finding a male and female deep in rhododendron leaf litter within a yard of the edge of Bent Creek. A subsequent visit to the locality several years later was again fruitless.
This species seems to have little in common with D. mariana and brimleit, its geographically closest relatives, and except for gonopod structure is perhaps closest to D. lea, a similarly large and robust form. So far tela is known only from the holotype, and from the two topotypes that I collected on June 15, 1953.
Deltotaria lea, new species Ficures lc, 3a, 4
TyrE sPECIMEN: Male holotype, USNM 6663, from 4.5 miles southeast of Lincolnton, Lincoln County, North Carolina, collected by Leslie Hubricht on April 59, 1956.
Diacnosis: Distinguished by the short coxal apophysis of the gonopod, the broad postfemoral part, and the simple, laminately expanded apex of the telopodite. The evenly rounded outline of the hypoproct may also be characteristic of this species.
DESCRIPTION OF HOLOTYPE: A large member of the genus, structur- ally similar to D. brimlevi with the following exceptions:
Length about 38 mm.; width at segment 6, 9.0 mm.; segment 12, 9.8 mm.; segment 16, 8.6 mm.
Head less convex; labral setae about 12-12, clypeal setae about 16-16, this series extending onto ventral margin of genae, latter not especially tumid, and antennal socket correspondingly not so deep as in brimleii. Antennae long, 7.6 mm., extending back to fourth tergite, the articles in decreasing order of length 2-6-5-3-4-1-7, but articles 3 through 6 are virtually of the same size. Interantennal isthmus about 1.5 mm. wide, much narrower in proportion to antennal length (20 percent) than in brimlei.
Marginal groove of collum very short and faint, noticeable only with considerable magnification, not attaining either the lateral angle of the collum nor the level of the mandibular-cranial articulation.
Paranotal lobes of segment 19 acutely subtriangular instead of rounded oblong.
34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118
Paraprocts smooth, without vertical striation. Hypoproct without median projection (figure 1c), the caudal edge almost evenly semi- circular.
Caudal edge of sides of segments set off by a small fine vertical submarginal ridge, which, however, is not preceded by a distinct furrow. Lateral surface of anterior segments not produced into small lobes or knobs above bases of the legs.
Podosterna of segments posterior to gonopods with conspicuous deep lateral incisions that separate the coxal sockets; on the seg- ments immediately following the seventh these lateral notches are connected by shallow transverse grooves that bisect the podosterna.
Gonopod aperture large and transverse, the outer portions acutely angular; edges produced into elevated flanges only laterally, the caudal edge of aperture level with sternum between eighth leg pair. Gono- pods of moderate size, the coxal apophysis shorter and broader than in other species, distinctly striate at the base. Prefemur of gonopods with only a low eminence on the coxal side, which is provided, however, with a small erect spiculate process. Postfemoral division of telopo- dite blade very broad and flat in comparison with that of other species, the blade becoming rather abruptly attenuated distally, narrowest just beyond middle of its length, thence broader and laminate and slightly twisted out of line with the major axis of the telopodite.
Deltotaria philia (Chamberlin) FiaureEs 3b, 4
Phanoria philia Chamberlin, 1949, p. 101, fig. 25. Deltotaria philia Chamberlin and Hoffman, 1958, p. 30.
TYPE SPECIMEN: Male holotype in the Chamberlin collection, from Clarkesville, Habersham County, Georgia, collected by Wilton Ivie on April 27, 1943.
Diacnosis: This form differs from other members of the genus in the exceptionally long coxal apophysis and the slender, acuminate or subhastate apex of the telopodite.
Description: The following is from the original description:
Dorsum dark brown, with a rather broad yellow band across caudal border of each tergite and its keels, the lateral borders of the latter and the cauda also yellow.
Posterior coxae bearing apically conical points or spines, but the sternites not spined.
Telopodite of male gonopod apically of hastate form. Anterior process from coxa a straight, apically acute blade. See further Fig. 25.
Width of male holotype, 9 mm.”
Remarks: Three attempts to secure fresh material during the summer of 1958 were totally unsuccessful although a number of
DELTOTARIA MILLIPEDS—HOFFMAN 35
localities around Clarkesville were explored. Probably collecting earlier in the year will disclose the species at various localities in the Piedmont and foothills of the Blue Ridge in northern Georgia.
Literature Cited Causry, Nett BEVEL 1942. Six new diplopods of the family Xystodesmidae. Ent. News, vol. 538, pp. 165-170, figs. 1-9. 1950a. A collection of xystodesmid millipeds from Kentucky and Tennessee. Ent. News, vol. 61, pp. 5-7, figs. 1-3. 1950b. Two new polydesmoid diplopods. Ent. News, vol. 61, pp. 37-39, figs. 1-5. CHAMBERLIN, RALPH VARY 1947. Some records and descriptions of diplopods chiefly in the collections of the Academy. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 99, pp. 21-58, figs. 1-73. 1949. Some millipeds of the families Polydesmidae and Xystodesmidae. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 39, pp. 94-102, figs. 1-27. CHAMBERLIN, RALPH Vary, and HorrMan, RicHarD LAWRENCE 1958. Checklist of the millipeds of North America. U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 212, 236 pp. HorrMan, RicHarD LAWRENCE 1949. Nine new xystodesmid millipeds from Virginia and West Virginia, with records of established species. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 99, pp. 371-389, figs. 1-18. 1956. Revision of the milliped genus Diziorta (Polydesmida: Xysto- desmidae). Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 106, pp. 1-19, figs. 1-9.
U.S, GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1961
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Proceedings of
the United States
National Museum SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION + WASHINGTON, D.C.
Volume 113 1961 Number 3452
FOUR NEW SPECIES OF PSEUDOCYCLOPS (COPEPODA: CALANOIDA) FROM PUERTO RICO
By Tuomas E. Bowman Aanp JuAN G. GONZALEZ!
The vast majority of marine calanoid copepods are planktonic in habit, but a few, referred to as benthic or bottom-living forms, have been collected almost exclusively on or near the bottom. Although these forms are contained in several not closely related families, they have in common small size, plump body, short antenna 1, and strong outer spines on the exopods of the swimming legs.
The bottom-living genus Pseudocyclops, the sole genus in the family Pseudocyclopidae, contains 9 species and 1 subspecies. Since Pseudo- cyclops is rarely taken by the usual collecting methods, it is probable that the vast majority of the species of this genus are as yet unde- scribed. The fact that we have collected 4 new species from a single locality, doubling the number of known Atlantic species, lends support to this belief. These 4 species we describe below, following our diag- nosis of Pseudocyclops and our observations on the behavior and the ecological niche of its members.
The detection of a very few specimens of Pseudocyclops in plankton tows led to a search for its habitat. Most of the specimens had been collected in the Canal de Magiieyes, the shallow channel between
1The former is associated with the U.S. National Museum, the latter with the Institute of Marine Bi- ology, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagiiez.
37 567159—61——_1
38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 113
fagiieyes Island and the mainland near La Parguera, Puerto Rico, where the bottom is covered with turtle grass, Thalassia testudinum, and the associated algae, Penicillus capitatus, Halimeda opuntia, and Dictyota cervicornis. Simce we suspected that Pseudocyclops lived close to or on the bottom, we made collections with No. 10 and No. 20 mesh nets, 1 foot in diameter, the nets towed close to the bottom so that they passed through the Thalassia leaves. The nets were towed either by hand while swimming, or from behind a boat; in the latter case the nets were held at the desired depth by a swimmer alongside them. Large numbers of Pseudocyclops were obtained by this method.
Family Pseudocyclopidae Giesbrecht, 1893
Since the relationships of the family are still uncertain, we have refrained from giving a family diagnosis.
Genus Pseudocyclops Brady, 1872
Pseudocyclops Brady, 1872, p. 431. Type species, by monotypy, P. crassiremis Brady, 1872; gender masculine.
The emended diagnosis given below is based on the characters of the 4 new Puerto Rican species and the 10 previously described species. Since some of the latter species are incompletely described or known from only one sex, and many species, perhaps a majority, have not yet been discovered, the diagnosis must be considered pro- visional. In particular Pseudocyclops simplex Sewell (1932) differs from this diagnosis in its swimming leg setation and should be given further study. We follow Gooding’s (1957) usage of terms for regions of the copeped body.
Driaanosis (emended): Body plump; head separated from or fused with first pedigerous segment; fifth pedigerous segment small. Uro- some 4-segmented in female, 5-segmented in male; genital segment not much produced ventrally; genital openings widely separated in female, male genital opening on left side; anal segment very short, immersed in and almost completely concealed by preceding segment. Outermost caudal seta spiniform; next-to-innermost seta longer and thicker than others. Rostrum single, strongly developed, without filaments, sometimes movable in male. Antenna 1 very short, scarcely reaching beyond head, 14-18 segmented, first segment bearing 3 long sensory filaments (aesthetes) ; right antenna 1 of male geniculate. Hxopod of antenna 2 with reduced number of segments. Endopod of maxilla 1 elongate, setae of outer lobe reduced. Endopod of maxil- liped short, indistinctly segmented.
Legs 1-4 with 3-segmented rami; outer spines of exopods robust; inner setae jointed near the middle, moderately thick proximal to
PSEUDOCYCLOPS COPEPODS—BOWMAN AND GONZALEZ 39
joint, slender and plumose distal to joint. Exopod segments 1 and 2 with 1 inner seta and 1 outer seta; segment 3 with 1 terminal seta, 2—2-3-3 inner setae, and 4—5—5—5 outer setae; endopod segment 3 with 6-8-8-7 setae on legs 1-4 respectively. Female leg 5 with 3-seg- mented exopod and endopod of 1-3 segments; exopod segment 3 with 3 outer setae, distal one apparently terminal, and terminal seta inserted slightly medial to apex and often curving medially; inner setae often reduced in number or absent.
Leg 5 of male forming a complex grasping organ. Right exopod unisegmental, bearing a short flanged outer spine and 2 long spines curving inward; right endopod unisegmental, unarmed. Left exopod 2-seemented; proximal segment bearing a flanged spine, distal seg- ment bearing membranous appendages; left endopod unisegmental, often bearing several plumose setae at the apex; a slender elongate appendage arises from left second basipod adjacent to endopod.
Key: The four new Puerto Rican species described below can be distinguished by the key below. Our key is purposely based on characters that can be observed without dissection, but it may be necessary to examine cleared specimens with a compound microscope. Since the genus Pseudocalanus appears to be highly endemic, the key is reliable only in the vicinity of the type locality and should be used with caution elsewhere:
MYVeHead and: first*pedigerous segment fused':? 272; 2°%. 794.6 20 Ra Ae 2 Head and first pedigerous segment notfused. . ... . abye 3
2. Rostrum very large; second pedigerous segment Penined mate process ventrolaterally; caudal setae with barbs. . .. . : . . . Yrostratus Rostrum of monere te size; second pedigerous segment rounded ventrolater- ally; caudal LBP maith out barbs (iho = 2 4. 3 cokeri
3. Length 0.50-0.62 mm.; prosome with red bend) or gaan: all red; male rostrum articulated st base; endopod of female leg 5 3-segmented.
rubrocinetus Length 0.37—0.43 mm.; body colorless; male rostrum not articulated at base; endopod of female leg 5unisegmental. ........... =. paulus
RELATIVE ABUNDANCE: In one tow through the turtle grass, all the specimens of Pseudocyclops obtained in the sample were enumer- ated as to species and sex with the following result:
Species Female Male cokert a2i1 154 rubrocinctus 63 3 paulus 44 8 rostratus 0 0
P. rostratus is quite rare in all our collections. It is possible that our method of collection does not sample the main habitat of P. rostratus but only collects a few individuals on the periphery.
EcouocicaL nicHE: We have observed the behavior of living specimens of the species of Pseudocyclops described below, with the
40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 113
exception of P. paulus, in the laboratory. Pseudocyclops spends most of its time swimming among the algal filaments attached to the Thalassia leaves with a smooth leisurely motion that gives it the appearance of gliding slowly through the water. The first antennae are held closely against the body, directed upward at an angle of about 45°, and the swimming legs are bent forward and held motion- less against the ventral surface. The urosome is usually bent slightly ventrally, but turns to one side when the animal changes direction. The gliding movement is brought about by rapid vibratory move- ments of the second antennae and mandibular palps, especially the former. We were unable to observe the first maxillae im living speci- mens, but the second maxillae do not vibrate and are held in position to filter food particles brought to it.
In addition to the leisurely gliding motion, Pseudocyclops can also make very quick movements of about 2 to 4 times the body length, with a flip of the swimming legs. These movements, made to avoid a needle or forceps, are always in a forward direction. Longer avoidance movements probably involve several consecutive flips of the swimming legs, but we were unable to follow the motion of the legs during these movements.
Pseudocyclops occasionally alights on algal filaments, but does not walk along their surfaces as do the harpacticoid copepods. The large outer spines on the exopods of the swimming legs must enable Pseudocyclops to hold tightly to the substrate; it is very difficult to pick up living specimens with an eyedropper.
The observations of Giesbrecht (1893) on the swimming of Pseu- docyclops umbraticus and those reported by Noodt (1958) for P. gohari, although less detailed, are in essential agreement with ours.
Our observations make it possible to characterize the ecological niche of Pseudocyclops. It lives in the interstices of the filamentous algae attached to the lower parts of the Thalassia leaves, where it feeds by filtering the water through which it swims. The small size, compact body, and short antennae enable it to maneuver in restricted spaces too small for other calanoid copepods. It competes neither with the planktonic calanoids in the open water above the Thalassia leaves nor with the abundant harpacticoids, which feed by browzing on the algal surfaces rather than by filtering the water.
The presence of 4 congeneric species in the same habitat is of considerable interest and raises the question of competition among them. Hutchinson (1951) has pointed out that when 2 freshwater calanoids coexist in the same habitat, they usually differ im size. He suggested that differences in the type of food utilized should accompany these size differences and reduce or eliminate competition
PSEUDOCYCLOPS COPEPODS—BOWMAN AND GONZALEZ Al
for food. In support of Hutchinson’s suggestion, Fryer (1954) found clear-cut differences in the gut contents of Diaptomus laticeps and the smaller D. gracilis in Lake Windermere, England. It is possible that differences in food preference may enable the 4 species of Pseu- docyclops to live together without undue competition. A ciliate protozoan abundant among the Zhalassia leaves in the Canal de Magiieyes could often be seen in the guts of cleared specimens of P. cokeri, but was only rarely observed in the other 3 species.
Pseudocyclops cokeri, new species
FicureEs 1-3
Frmate: Length, excluding caudal setae, 0.5-0.6 mm. Prosome stout; width, viewed dorsally, slightly more than half the length. Head fused with first pedigerous segment except in ventrolateral region, where partial suture is present. Rostrum prominent, but not so strongly developed as in other Puerto Rican species.
Urosome about three-eighths as long as prosome in specimens with segments not telescoped. Genital opening with characteristic pattern of sclerotization (fig. id-e). Behind genital openings is a ring of thickened cuticle from which a membranous sleeve with minutely serrate free (posterior) margin extends backward. Caudal rami about a third longer than wide, without hairs on inner margins. Outer caudal seta subterminal, about as long as ramus; middle 2 of 4 terminal setae with jointed bases; next-to-innermost seta longest, about 3 times as long as urosome, proximal half stout, distal half slender, the seta without barbs, plumose only on distal half of stout portion.
Antenna 1 reaching about half the length of cephalothorax, com- posed of 15 segments. First segment bearing 3 conspicuous aesthetes about equal In length to the last 14 segments combined, 1 seta as long as the aesthetes, and several shorter setae. Remaining segments without aesthetes except terminal segment, which bears a single short one; relative lengths and setation of segments as shown in figure If.
Basipod of antenna 2 consisting of 1 segment partially divided by incomplete suture, without setae. Exopod 2-segmented; proximal segment bearing 5 setae on medial border, 1 in middle of border and 4 distally; distal segment with partial suture near base, bearing 1 medial and 4 distal setae. Endopod 3-segmented; suture between second and third segments weak; setae as shown in figure 2a.
Gnathal lobe of mandible only slightly expanded, with 3 strong and 2 small sclerotized teeth, and a nonsclerotized acuminate tooth.
42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 113
Ficure 1.—Pseudocyclops cokeri, new species. a-f, Female: a, Lateral; b, rostrum, lateral; c, urosome, dorsal; d, genital segment, ventral, only one genital opening shown; ¢, poste- rior prosomal segments and genital segment, lateral; f, antennal. g-h, Male: g, Lateral; h, antenna 1.
PSEUDOCYCLOPS COPEPODS—BOWMAN AND GONZALEZ 43
| \\ \\
A \
Wee “A Ff ha Se
Ficure 2.—Pseudocyclops cokeri, new species, female: a, Antenna 2; b, mandible; c, man- dible, gnathal lobe; d, maxilla 1, setae of first and second inner lobes omitted; ¢, maxilla 1, inner lobes; f, maxilliped; g, maxilla 2; A, leg 1.
44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 113
wy,
——— See <2 Rte N
—
Ficure 3.—Pseudocyclops cokeri, new species: a, Leg 2; b, leg 3; c, leg 4; d, leg 5, female; e, leg 5, female, endopod, compressed under cover glass; f, leg 5, male.
PSEUDOCYCLOPS COPEPODS—-BOWMAN AND GONZALEZ 45
Basipod of palp with 1 inner seta; exopod 3-segmented; endopod 2-segmented; setae as shown in figure 2b.
First inner lobe (gnathobase) of maxilla 1 bearing 8 strong spines and 4 subapically placed setae. Second and third inner lobes each bearing 3 setae. First outer lobe (coxal epipod of Gurney) bearing 4 setae increasing in length distally. Exopod with 9 setae. Second basal segment (fourth segment of Gurney) with a group of 3 setae set in a notch near distal end. Endopod not segmented, with 2 groups of 4 setae each on medial margin and 5 terminal setae.
Maxilla 2 with 5 lobes bearing setae as shown in figure 2g. Re- duced terminal portion indistinctly separated and segmented, with 4 setae.
Maxilliped weakly developed, 3-segmented. First segment with 3 lobes bearing 1, 3, and 2 setae respectively. Second segment produced distally into lobe bearing 1 seta at base and 2 at apex. Third segment indistinctly divided, bearing 6 setae on anterior margin and 3 on posterior margin.
Legs 1-4 without surface spinules except for pair near inner margin on distal part of endopod segment 2 of leg 4. Proximal outer seta of exopod segment 3 of leg 1 (in specimen illustrated) longer and heavier than distal outer seta (in other specimens examined the 2 setae were subequal); distal seta without flange, with finely serrate margins.
Connecting piece of leg 5 with nearly straight distal margin. Basipod segments without inner setae. Second basipod with single spinule on posterior surface; distal margin armed with spinules. Exopod segment 3 without inner setae. Endopod 2-segmented; proximal segment with inner seta; distal segment subpyriform, distal margin produced into tooth medially and bearing a slender seta adjacent to tooth and a series of spiniform setae, posterior surface armed with a row of spinules.
Maus: Length 0.45-0.55 mm. Habitus as in female. Prosome nearly 2.5 times as long as urosome. Rostrum not articulated at base. Segments 1 and 2 of urosome with minutely serrate rings near posterior margins. Caudal setae as in female.
Left antenna 1 as in female, but aesthetes on first segment much more robust. Right antenna 1 with 15 segments, geniculate between segments 11 and 12, segment 12 with heavy spine, aesthetes on first segment as in left antenna 1.
Basipod of right leg 5 stout, surface unarmed or with a few spinules. Exopod unisegmental, about a third longer than broad, armed distally with 1 slender and 2 stout spines, the inner stout spine much the longest, curved medially at distal end, bearing a seta at its base. Endopod hook shaped, thickened at base. Left basipod with a
567159—61——-2
46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 113
row of surface spinules. Exopod about as long as broad, bearing a flanged seta on outer distal margin and on distal inner margin an ensiform membranous lobe to which is attached laterally a subpyri- form membranous lobe. Endopod narrow at base, broader distally, bearing 4-jointed setae on distal margin. Adjacent to base of endopod a slender stiff seta as long as endopod arises from basipod. Cotor: Body without pigmentation except for the orange-red eye. Typrs: Holotype, female, USNM 104386; allotype, male, USNM 104387; and 475 paratypes (321 females, 154 males) from Thalassia meadow, Canal de Magiieyes, La Parguera, Puerto Rico, collected Feb. 26, 1959 (holotype and allotype), and Feb. 28, 1959 (paratypes). This species is named in honor of Dr. Robert E. Coker, Emeritus Kenan Professor of Zoology, University of North Carolina, and Consultant, Institute of Marine Biology, University of Puerto Rico, in recognition of his many studies on copepods and in gratitude for his advice and encouragement during the course of the present study. The fusion of the head and first pedigerous segment, the absence of barbs from the caudal setae and near absence of surface spinules from the legs, and the structure of the fifth legs of both sexes serve to identify this abundant species.
Pseudocyclops paulus, new species liagures 4-5
Femate: Length 0.40-0.42 mm. Prosome, viewed dorsally, slight- ly more than twice as long as wide. Head in lateral view more convex anteriorly than in other Puerto Rican species of Pseudocyclops, sep- arated from first pedigerous segment by weak suture. Rostrum very strong, curved slightly posteriorly. ‘Third pedigerous segment with median sclerotization extending forward from middle of posterior mar- ein. Genital segment only slightly produced ventrally; genital openings almost lateral; with sclerotization pattern similar to that of P. cokeri.
Urosome about three-tenths as long as prosome; serrations on posterior margins of segments well developed, coarsest in third segment, especially in dorsal part. Caudal rami about a half longer than wide, without hairs on inner margin. Middle 2 of 4 terminal setae much longer and thicker than others. Next-to-innermost seta about 2.5 times as long as urosome; distal half plumose; basal half armed with barbs, 2 on lateral margin and 4-5 on medial margin. Second-from- innermost seta shorter and thinner but with similar armature.
Antenna 1 16-segmented. Mouth parts with only minor differences from those of P. coker.
Marginal spines and setae of legs 1-4 as in P. cokert. Proximal outer seta of exopod segment 3 of leg 1 much shorter than distal outer seta. Proximal part of outer margin of exopod segment 3 of leg 1
PSEUDOCYCLOPS COPEPODS—BOWMAN AND GONZALEZ 47
Near oa ial
Ch: 7 castes
ed
Ficure 4.—Pseudocyclops paulus, new species.
a-d, Female: a, Lateral; 6, posterior prosomal segments and urosome, dorsal; ¢, genital segment, ventral; d, posterior prosomal e-i, Male: ¢, Lateral; f, caudal ramus and setae,
segments and genital segment, lateral. dorsal; g, right antenna 1; A, right antenna 1, distal segments; 1, mandible, gnathal lobe.
48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118
ne
a
AAAAAA \ /,
Ficure 5.—Pseudocyclops paulus, new species. a-f, Female: a, Antenna 1; 5, leg 1, exopod; c, leg 2, exopod segment 3; d, leg 3, endopod segments 2+3; ¢, leg 4, endopod segments 2-3; f,leg 5. g, Male, leg 5.
minutely serrate. Endopods of legs 3 and 4 with surface spinules as shown in figure 5d-e.
Exopod segment 3 of leg 5 with 4 outer setae, proximal one much the shorter, moderately long terminal seta, and 2-3 slender, short inner setae. Endopod unisegmental, distal margin bearing 2 slender setae, produced into sharp tooth on either side; medial margin with slender
PSEUDOCYCLOPS COPEPODS—-BOWMAN AND GONZALEZ 49
seta arising from bulge at base; 2—3 rows of surface spinules present, each row with 1—4 spinules.
Mate: Length 0.37-0.43 mm. Habitus as in female. Prosome 3-3.5 times as long as urosome. Rostrum not articulated at base. Posterior margins of urosome segments 1-4 serrate; serrations of segment 4 much coarser than others. Caudal setae as in female. Right antenna 1 with 14 segments; anterior margin of antepenultimate segment produced distally into acute triangular process. Leg 5 with basic plan the same as that of P. cokeri. Exopod of right leg with heavier outer distal spine; longer inner spine less curved distally. Endopod a rounded lobe about twice as long as wide. Left basipod without surface spinules. Outer distal seta on left exopod segment 1 linear, without flange, slightly broadened at apex; membranous lobes of segment 2 narrower than in P. cokert. Left endopod bearing 5 jointed setae on distal margin. Seta adjacent to endopod rounded at apex.
Cotor: We did not distinguish P. paulus from P. cokeri when we we studied live material. Preserved specimens are colorless, and if living specimens have any pigment the species probably would have been detected during the examination of freshly collected material.
Typrs: Holotype, female, USNM 104389; allotype, male, USNM 104390; and 42 paratypes (37 females, 5 males) from Thalassia meadow, Canal de Magtieyes, La Parguera, Puerto Rico, collected Feb. 23, 1959.
The specific name paulus (Latin “paulus,”’ meaning little) refers to the minute size of this species. It is one of the smallest species of Calanoida yet discovered; only Pseudocyclopia minor T. Scott (1892) with a length of 0.43 mm. and Paracalanus crasstrostris Dahl, the male of which is reported to measure 0.34 mm. (Gurney, 1927), rival it in smallness.
P. paulus is very similar to P. wmbricatus Giesbrecht (1893), known from the Gulf of Naples and the Suez Canal. P. wmbricatus is larger (0.60-0.65 mm.); the forehead is less convex; the rostrum is relatively shorter and straighter; the endopod of female leg 5 is 2-segmented, without surface spinules; and the left endopod of the male leg 5 has 4 rather than 5 setae.
Pseudocyclops rostratus, new species Figures 6-8, 9g
Frmaue: Length, excluding caudal setae, 0.72-0.76 mm. Prosome, viewed dorsally, slightly more than twice as long as wide. Head fused with first pedigerous segment except in ventrolateral region, where weak partial suture is present. Rostrum huge, curving slightly
50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 113
Fas Set ries wut 1 em wvondjayyyaines™
Ficure 6.—Pseudocyclops rostratus, new species. a-e, Female: a, Dorsal; 6, lateral; ¢, second pedigerous segment, lateral; d, urosome, lateral; ¢, urosome, dorsal. f-k, Male: f, Caudal ramus and setae, dorsal; g, habit, dorsal; h, urosome, lateral; 2, left antenna 1; j, tight antenna 1; &, right antenna 1, distal segments.
51
PSEUDOCYCLOPS COPEPODS—BOWMAN AND GONZALEZ
mafi=
Ficurs 7.—Pseudocyclops rostratus, new species, female: a, Antenna 2; b, mandible; c,
dible, gnathal lobe; d, maxilla 1; ¢, mazilla 1, inner lobes; f, maxilla 2; g, maxilliped;
h; maxilliped, distal lobe of first segment.
52, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 113
Ficure 8.—Pseudocyclops rostratus, new species. a-f, Female: a, Leg 1; b, leg 2; ¢, leg 3; d, leg 4; e, leg 5; f, leg 5, detail. g, Male, leg 5.
PSEUDOCYCLOPS COPEPODS—BOWMAN AND GONZALEZ 53
posteriorly. Posterior lateral corner of second pedigerous segment produced posteriorly into curved, acutely pointed process. Third pedigerous segment with median dorsal line of sclerotization.
Urosome about three-tenths as long as prosome; posterior margins of segments serrate; serrations coarsest on median dorsal part of third segment. Caudal rami about a fifth longer than wide, without hairs on inner margins. Next-to-innermost caudal seta with short hairs on both margins of proximal part. Proximal part of second- from-innermost seta with short hairs on inner margin and barbs on outer margin.
Antenna 1 reaching nearly to margin of first pedigerous segment, composed of 16 segments. Antenna 2 with 1 seta on basipod; exopod 3-segmented; setation as shown in figure 7a. Basipod of mandibular palp with 2 setae; endopod segment 1 with 4 setae. Manilla 1 with 5 setae on second basal segment; endopod with 2 groups of 3 setae on medial margin; exopod with 11 setae. Basal segment of maxilliped with 2 rows of surface spinules, 1 proximal to middle group of 3 setae, the others slightly set in from proximal margin of distal lobe.
Exopod segment 2 of leg 1 produced at outer distal corner into medially curved hook; distal outer seta of exopod segment 3 longer than proximal outer seta. Leg 1 with a few spinules on first basipod. Legs 2-4 with patterns of surface spinules shown in figure 86-d; exopod segment 2 and proximal part of segment 3 of leg 2 with serrate outer margins; distal margins of exopod and endopod segment 1 of leg 3 finely serrate.
Connecting piece of leg 5 with nearly straight distal margin. Exopod segments 1 and 2 with stout outer setae; segments 2 and 3 with 1 inner seta. Endopod unisegmental, pyriform, bearing 3 rows of surface spinules; medial margin with small subterminal notch and larger setiferous notch at about a third the distance from proximal end. First basipod bearing a row of spinules parallel with and just proximal to distal margin. Second basipod with rounded bulge bearing row of spinules; medial distal corner produced into ensiform process slightly more than half the length of endopod.
Maur: More slender than female; total length about 0.72 mm. Rostrum as large as in female, not articulated. Caudal setae as in female. Right antenna 1 17-segmented; anterior margin of antepenul- timate segment produced distally into triangular process; segment 14 with heavy spine. Right first basipod of leg 5 with row of surface spinules near distal margin. Right second basipod with curved row of spinules near origin of endopod. Right endopod more than twice as long as wide, notched near apex. Left second basipod with several rows of surface spinules. Inner membranous lobe of left exopod seg- ment 2 trapezoidal, with slender linear process on inner margin; outer
54 PROCEEDINGS CF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 113
lobe oblanceolate, with acuminate apex. Left endopod bearing 4 setae, medial setae arising proximally to others; produced at apex into median tooth and shorter outer tooth. Modified seta adjacent to endopod linear, moderately robust.
Couor: Body transparent, with some internal brick-red blotches.
Tyres: Holotype, female, USNM 104379; allotype male, USNM 104380; and 3 paratypes (2 females, 1 male), from Thalass1a meadow, Canal de Magiieyes, La Parguera, Puerto Rico, collected June 9, 1959 (holotype) and Nov. 25, 1959 (allotype and paratypes).
The specific name rostratus (Latin “rostratus,’’ meaning beaked) refers to the large, conspicuous rostrum.
The remarkably large rostrum distinguishes P. rostratus from all other species of Pseudocyclops. The rostrum is also strongly developed in the much smaller P. paulus, but not nearly to the degree that it is in P. rostratus. The acute posterior lateral corner of the second pedigerous segment is also useful for recognition, and the fifth legs of both sexes are unlike those of any other species.
Pseudocyclops rubrocinctus, new species
Ficures 9a-f, 10-11
Fremae: Length, excluding caudal setae, 0.55-0.62 mm. Prosome, viewed dorsally, about twice as long as wide. Head separated from first pedigerous segment. Rostrum strong. Median sclerotization of third pedigerous segment present, but much shorter than in P. paulus. Fifth pedigerous segment with a few minute setae near posterior margin.
Urosome about a third as long as prosome (urosome may be pro- portionately shorter in specimens in which the segments are con- tracted); posterior margins of segments minutely serrate. Genital openings with conspicuous sclerotization. Caudal rami about a sixth longer than wide, without hairs on inner margins. Next-to-innermost seta thicker and longer than others; proximal part with barbs on both margins, those on lateral margin more numerous. Proximal part of second-from-innermost seta with similar barbs on lateral margin; more numerous, longer, and more slender barbs on medial margin.
Antenna 1 reaching middle of first pedigerous segment, composed of 18segments. Antenna 2 with 2 seta on basipod; exopod apparently 3-seemented, setation as shown in figure lla; endepod with minor differences in setation from that of P. cokert. Gnathal lobe of man- dible with more teeth than that of P. cokeri; basipod of palp with 2 setae; endopod segment 1 with 4 setae. Maxilla 1 with 4 setae on second basal segment; endopod with groups of 3 and 4 setae on medial
PSEUDOCYCLOPS COPEPODS—BOWMAN AND GONZALEZ 55
Ficure 9.—a-f, Pseudocyclops rubrocinctus, new species: a, Female, dorsal; b, female, lat- eral; c, male, lateral, d, urosome, female, dorsal; ¢, leg 5, female; f, leg 5, male. Pseudocyclops rostratus, new species, male, lateral.
8
56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. i13
= Vain IZ
Ficure 10.—Pseudocyclops rubrocinctus, new species. a-b, Male: a, Antenna 1; b, antenna 1, distal segments. c—g, Female: c, Antenna 1; d, leg 1; ¢, leg 2; f, leg 3; g, leg 4.
57
PSEUDOCYCLOPS COPEPODS—BOWMAN AND GONZALEZ
female: a, Antenna 2; b, mandible;
new species,
Ficure 11.—Pseudocyclops rubrocinctus,
c, maxilla 1; d, maxilla
maxilliped.
é,
2;
58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 113
margin; exopod with 10 setae. Maxilla 2 and maxilliped with more setae on terminal portion than in P. cokerv.
Exopod segment 2 of leg 1 produced at outer distal corner into rounded bulge; distal outer seta of exopod segment 3 slightly longer than proximal outer seta. Legs 2—4 with patterns of surface spinules shown in figure 10e—g; exopod sezment 2 and proximal part of segment 3 of leg 2 with serrate outer margins.
Connecting piece of leg 5 with nearly straight distal margin. Exopod segments 1 and 2 with stout outer setae; segment 2 with inner seta; segment 3 with 4 inner setae. Hndopod 3-segmented; segment 2 with 2 rows, segment 3 with 2-3 rows of surface spinules; segment 3 with 6 setae. Second basipod produced medially into rounded bulge with serrulate distal margin.
Mate: Smaller and more slender than female, total length about 0.50 mm. Rostrum articulated at base. Caudal setae as in female. Antenna 1, 17-segmented; antepenultimate segment produced into narrow triangular process. Right second basipod of leg 5 with row of surface spinules at level of origin of endopod. Longer inner spine of right exopod minutely serrate along middle third of convex outer margin. Right endopod more than 3 times as long as wide, apex emarginate. Left second basipod with row of spinules on distal margin. Inner membranous lobe of left exopod segment 2 broadly pyriform, middle part of inner margin crenulate; outer lobe much narrower, apex divided by V-shaped notch. Left endopod produced into lobe laterally near base, distal end bearing 5 jointed setae of which medial and lateral ones arise proximally to 3 central setae.
Cotor: Typical specimens have a band of red pigment encircling the middle part of the prosome, extending ventrally from the base of the first maxilla to the base of the second swimming leg. The band is slightly wider dorsally. The eye is orange red. In some females the pigment may be more extensive, coloring most of the presome or even the entire body. In some of the latter specimens the pigment is heavier in the region with the band of pigment in typical specimens.
Types: Holotype, female, USNM 104382; allotype, male, USNM 104383; and 2 lots of paratypes (52 females and 7 females); from Thalassia meadow, Canal de Magiieyes, La Parguera, Puerto Rico, collected Mar. 25, 1959 (holotype), Nov. 25, 1959 (allotype and 7 paratypes), and Feb. 23, 1959 (52 paratypes).
The specific name rubrocinctus (Latin “ruber’’, red, and “‘cinctus,” girdled) refers to the red band of pigment of the prosome.
The incompletely described P. reductus Nicholls (1944) from the Red Sea (Ghardaqa) appears to be very close to P. rubrocinctus. The female fifth legs of the 2 species are very similar, but endopod seg- ment 3 of P. reductus has only 4 setae, while that of P. rubrocinctus has
PSEUDOCYCLOPS COPEPODS—BOWMAN AND GONZALEZ 59
6. Exopod segment 3 of P. reductus has but 1 inner seta, while 4 are present in P. rubrocinctus. The arrangement and number of barbs on the caudal setae differs somewhat in the 2 species, and other differ- ences are evident in antennae 1 and 2. The male of P. reductus has not been described.
Literature Cite Brapy, GreorGe 8. 1872. Contributions to the study of the Entomostraca, VII. A list of the non-parasitic marine Copepoda of the northeast coast of England. Nat. Hist. Trans. Northumberland and Durham, vol. 4, pp. 423- 445, pls. 17-21. FRYER, G. 1954. Contributions to our knowledge of the biology and systematics of the freshwater Copepoda. Rev. Suisse Hydrologie, vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 64-77. GIESBRECHT, WILHELM 1893. Mittheilungen tiber Copepoden. 1-6. Mitt. Zool. Stat. Neapel, vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 56-104, pls. 5-7. Goopine, RicHarp U. 1957. On some Copepoda from Plymouth, mainly associated with inverte- brates, including three new species. Journ. Mar. Biol. Assoc., vol. 36, pp. 195-221. GURNEY, RoBeRT 1927. Zoological results of the Cambridge Expedition to the Suez Canal, 1924. Report on the Crustacea: Copepoda and Cladocera of the plankton. Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 139-172. HuTcHinson, G. E. 1951. Copepodology for the ornithologist. Ecology, vol. 32, pp. 571-577. NicHo us, A. G. 1944. Littoral Copepoda from the Red Sea. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 11, vol. 11, pp. 487-503. Noopt, WoLrram 1958. Pseudocyclops gohari n. sp. aus dem Eulittoral des Roten Meeres (Copepoda Calanoida). Zool. Anz., vol. 161, No. 5/6, pp. 150-157. Scorr, THOMAS 1892. Additions to the fauna of the Firth of Forth. Part IV. 10th Ann. Rep. Fisheries, Board of Scotland, pp. 242-272, pls. 7-13. SEWELL, R. B. Seymour 1932. The Copepoda of Indian Seas, Calanoida. Mem. Indian Mus., vol. 10, pp. 223-407, 6 pls.
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1961
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Proceedings of
the United States
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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION + WASHINGTON, D.C.
Volume 113 1961 Number 3453
NOTES ON AUSTRALIAN FLIES OF THE FAMILY CONOPIDAE
By Smney Camras
This paper is based on material from the U.S. National Museum (USNM) and the British Museum (Natural History)—(BMNH), made available through the interest and courtesy of C. W. Sabrosky, H. Oldroyd, and R. L. Coe. Altogether, 8 genera (1 of which is new) and 26 species (12 of which are new) are represented in the material of both of these institutions. The material from the U.S. National Museum is mainly from the Malloch collection, and most of the specimens were apparently collected by J. D. Bridwell at Sydney, New South Wales. This collection contained the first species of Thecophora (=Occemyia) described from the Australasian Region in 1955 (see T. australiana, p. 76).
Genus Conops Linné Conops Linné, Systema naturae, ed. 10, p. 604, 1758,
Key to the Australasian Species of Conops (Subgenus Asiconops)
1. Abdomen black, often with reddish areas, and with diffuse yellow or gold
DOMMOSE’ALCAS se. s oy cs we ce tar dar See ee arta a MN eit ao em ae ee eden 2 Abdomen dull black, with distinct reddish gold pollinose areas on the second aAndysixthysecMentsye teh wena. Mauch med cous) Keqiie) vies (ou soitys) jist gems oumet usu leas 9
577690— 61 61
62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118
2. Abdomen black, with definite reddish areas... . Boo 8 Abdomen aa black; may have narrow reddistis areas On margins ODIBpPeXy ss. tees ave, laevay ml Go leto eh, So Od ven Coherence O
3. Antenna rufous, may ie Bray eae ee er errr. .5..5 2! Antenna black .6. 23:2... 2 9}... @ .0e €F 9.03 22.48 Spe ee 4. Black frontofacial mark. Wing with distinct dark apical area (India to Java, 9). : . . . .nubeculosus Bigot!
No black fontofaciall hark. wine slightly darker apically, but not distinctly (northeastern Australia, o ?). . .australianus, new species
5. Theca black. Only first tergite entirely black in female (eastern Australia, Oo). . . . seminiger Meijere Theca weritifign Selon First andl Perord ter pire black in female (Australia, New:Guinea; 9). . «. . .ye 6 6 es «se. » Cemeijerei Krober?
Gi? Antenna rufous ss cof is)le Sy, fer. Ma) oe Se ous Se gases) ee Antennablacks reli. os «3, ee en 7. No pollen on third and res cata No black at base of facial keel (India to Java, 7 9) .. ome . . .nubeculosus Bigot 3 Pollinose areas on third and Pourie fereiieae Blige at base of facial keel (New Guinea, o) . Tic el eifehd bodies « & . Areofuscus Camras 4
8. Front mainly yellow. anes thinly yellow pollinose except on third and fourth segments (Queensland, ? ). . . . . .Migrescens, new species Front black. Abdomen goid yellow Soinoee from third segment to apex (New Guinea, o' 9) . «©. «+s «+ « +. metaxanthus Walker®
9. Front and vertex rufous (southern and western Australia, 7 9). satanicus Bigot Front and vertex black (New South Wales, 9) . . . . thoracicus Krober ®
Conops (Asiconops) australianus, new species
Description: Male: Length 14 mm. Vertex, front, and face yellow. Reddish in front of vertex, and partially on face and cheeks. Blackish at base of antennae and base of keel. Gold pollinose on orbits, face, cheeks, and lower facial grooves. Occiput reddish above, yellow below; gold pollinose below vertex. Antennae rufous, more yellowish on lower half of third segment and arista. Black on apex of arista. First antennal segment four times as long as wide. Second segment two times length of first. Third segment as long as first. Second segment of arista not definitely produced. Proboscis yellow, black at base and apex, nearly two times length of head.
Thorax rufous, black on dorsum in three fused stripes. Black on lower postnotum and part of the pleura. Thorax with gold pollinose areas on dorsum, upper postnotum, metapleura, and parts of pleura.
1 Conops nubcculosus Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 6, vol. 7, p. 35, 1887.
2 Conops seminiger var. de Meijerei Kréber, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 11, vol. 4, p. 599, 1939. 3 See footnote 1.
4 Conops aureofuscus Camras, Treubfa, vol. 24, p. 107, 1957.
5 Conops metaxantha Walker, Proc. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 7, p. 225, 1864.
6 Conops thoracicus Kréber, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 11, vol. 4, p. 597, 1939.
AUSTRALIAN CONOPID FLIES—CAMRAS 63
Coxae and legs mainly rufous, gold pollinose on coxae and tibiae. Tarsi mainly black. Pulvilli and claws, except black tips, yellow. Wings yellowish hyaline, brown between first and third veins and vena spuria and along fifth vem. Brown pattern slightly darker apically. Calypters yellow. Halteres rufous, yellow on stem, brownish at base.
Abdomen rufous, black at base of first segment, margin of first and second segments, on all of third and fourth segments, and part of fifth segment. Gold pollinose over most of the segments, more dense on posterior margin and sides of first and second segments and on the fifth and sixth segments. Genitalia rufous, partly black.
Female: Length 14 mm. Similar to the male. Reddish areas on head darker. No black on arista. Third and fourth segments of abdomen less pollinose, blacker. Seventh segment rufous. Theca black, slightly longer than wide.
VARIATION (in paratypes): No black on base of facial keel, and a fine blackish midline on the front in one male. Antennae blackish on third segment and arista in one specimen. In one female that is teneral, the middle black stripe on the dorsum of the thorax is missing. The face and cheeks of this specimen are black and the yellow areas of the head mainly dark rufous. Theca and parts of the third and fourth segments of the abdomen are rufous.
Typres: Holotype, male, USNM 64916. Allotype (on same pin), Cairns, northeastern Queensland, A. P. Dodd. VParatypes, Australia: 1 male, author’s collection ex USNM, Oct. 13, 1931, A. W. Lopez (emerged from Australian wasp); 1 female, USNM, A. W. Lopez (emerged from Australian wasp); 1 with abdomen missing, USNM, A. W. Lopez (emerged from Australian wasp). The host in Australia, according to label data, is Campsomeris tasmaniensis or radula.
Remarks: Krober’s record of nubeculosus from Cape York, prob- ably belongs to this species. Kréber noted that his specimen lacked the dark apical area in the wing pattern of nubeculosus.
Conops (Asiconops) seminiger Meijere Conops seminigra Meijere, Tijdschr. Ent., vol. 53, p. 162, 1910.
The specimen in the U.S. National Museum is rather small, the length being 13 mm. Krdéber in his 1939 key (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 11, vol. 4, pp. 594-607), uses the female characters to dis- tinguish demezjerei Kréber. It is possible that demezjerei is the true female of seminiger and that the female described by Meijere represents another species.
MATERIAL EXAMINED: Sydney, New South Wales, Bridwell collec- tion, 1 male, USNM; New South Wales, A. R. Wallace, 1 male (determined by Kréber), BMNH.
64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 113
Conops (Asiconops) nigrescens, new species
Description: Female: Length 11.5 mm. Head yellow, dark rufous on upper front and vertex. Yellow pollinose on face, cheek, orbits, and postvertical stripe. Black narrow midline on front and at base of facial keel. Antennae black, dark reddish at margins. First segment four times as long as wide. Second segment about two times length of first. Third segment missing. Proboscis black, reddish in the middle, nearly two times length of head. Occiput dark reddish black.
Thorax black, dark reddish on humeri, metapleura, and margins of pleura. Faintly yellow pollinose on dorsum, postnotum, and meta- pleura. Faintly white pollmose on pleura. Coxae dark reddish, partly black, white pollinose. Legs black, rufous on trochanters, apical ventral third of femora, basal half of tibiae, and partially on posterior tarsi. Pulvilli, and claws except black tips, yellow. Wings yellowish hyaline. Brown pattern between first and third veins and vena spuria and along fifth vein. Pattern darker apically. Calyp- ters yellow. Halteres dark yellow, dark brown at base.
Abdomen black, narrow reddish margins on all segments becoming lighter and more distinct on the fourth to sixth segments. Seventh segment and genitalia mainly reddish. Thinly yellow pollinose except on third and fourth segments. Theca black, about as long as wide.
Type: Holotype, female, BMNH, Redlynch, northern Queensland, Australia, November 2-10, 1938, R. G. Wind (Papuan-Australian Expedition).
Conops (Asiconops) satanicus Bigot Conops satanicus Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 6, vol. 7, p. 43, 1887.
This species is aberrant in having the sides of the abdomen nearly parallel. The second to fifth tergites are of about equal width. Also the coloration resembles that of the following genus rather than Asiconops.
MatTERIAL EXAMINED: Yanchep, 32 miles north of Perth, Western Australia, Nov. 13-23, 1935, R. E. Turner, 1 male, BMNH.
Australoconops, new genus
Type species, Conops splendidus Kréber.
Similar to Conops, but having an ocellar tubercle with ocelli, and having a relatively short and narrow second abdominal segment par- ticularly in the male.
The second abdominal segment in the male is typically about half the greatest width of the abdomen. It is as long as the fourth seg- ment and shorter than or as long as the third segment. In typical Conops, the second abdominal segment of the male is more than half
AUSTRALIAN CONOPID FLIES—CAMRAS 65
of the greatest width of the abdomen, as long or longer than the third segment, and longer than the fourth segment.
This genus contains species with a smooth or grooved front, but those with a grooved front do not have the projection on the sixth tergite of the female as is present in the subgenus Aszconops.
Two other genera differ from Conops by having an ocellar tubercle: Physononops, which has an elongated narrow second abdominal seg- ment, and Siniconops, which has a spindle shaped abdomen in the male and a cylindrical abdomen in the female.
Key to the Species of Australoconops
1. Second tergite entirely black (Australia, 9). . pseudocellifer (Kréber)? Second tergite with pollinose band . A iteY Ns cota seeks eee tins raaisratt 2. Third tergite entirely black . ane Third tergite with band; restricted to dese in we, fomnle 3. Face yellow . Face black, with a caliente area on Solon ade of the irae. 4. Second tergite entirely gold red. Larger 14-16 mm. (Australia, @ 2). aurosus (Newman)§ Second tergite broadly black anteriorly. Smaller 7-10mm...... 5 5. Front smooth. Sixth tergite nearly entirely yellow pollinose. No yellow mark anterior to scutellum (Australia, 7? 9). . . unicinetus (Krdéber) Front transversely groved. Sixth tergite broadly black anteriorly. Yellow mark anterior to scutellum (eastern Australia, o' @). bridwelli, new species 6. Abdominal bands whitish yellow (Tasmania, o’) . .picus (Macquart)? Abdominal bands reddish gold (Australia, 2?) . . . inglorior (Walker)! 7. Abdomen with yellow on fourth segment (New South Wales, <”). pulcher, new species
Or Iw bd
Abdomen entirely black on fourthysegments <<. 2 s'. 4s! 6 160.8, wa ts 8
8. Face yellow... . Ti Mee ok 9 Face black with a nella area on each Se of sie: pues Senet dey. neces | Mahal
9. -Frontsmooth .... . Ree recite eek tau 820) Front transversely prooned (eaten n kas tralies @ 9). similis, new species
10. Legs partly reddish (eastern Australia, 79). . . . splendidus (Kréber) Legs black (western Australia, 9)... .... . .. . aptatus (Walker)
11. Pollen deep gold red Sia Australias ot)! sce os Saeed (Kroéber) Pollen gold yellow .... SERGE) ce ALD
12. Fifth tergite black. Sixth Phe with iia Pat Pee: in ihe male (western Australia, f 9). «.. =: he ‘ . . . aequatus (Walker)
Fifth tergite with gold ath inose etene Sixth tergite nearly entirely gold pollinose (New South Wales, @). ..... . . . sydneyi, new species
7 Conops pseudocellifer Kréber, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 11, vol. 4, p. 601, 1939.
8 Conops aurosa Newman, The Entomologist (London), vol. 1, p. 222, 1841,
® Conops pica Macquart, Diptéres exotiques, suppl. 4, p. 161, 1851.
10 Conops inglorior Walker, List of the specimens of dipterous insects in the collection of the British Mu- seum, vol. 3, p. 676, 1849.
11 Conops perbellum Kréhber, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 11, vol. 4, p. 601, 1939.
66 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 118
Australoconops unicinctus (Kréber)
Conops unicinctus Kréber, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 11, vol. 4, p. 603, 1939.
The specimens recorded here differ from the description of the male mainly by having the fifth tergite entirely gold-yellow pollinose except for some black at the lateral margins. The facial grooves vary from almost yellow to mainly black. Length 6% to 8 mm.
MATERIAL EXAMINED: Brisbane, Queensland, Mar. 3, 1914, H. Hacker, Baker collection, 1 male, USNM. Gunbower, Victoria, Mar. 3, 1933, 1 male, author’s collection ex BMNH. Dedari, 40 miles west of Coolgardie, Western Australia, Jan. 11-21, 1936, R. E. Turner, 1 male, BMNH.
Australoconops bridwelli, new species
Description: Male: Length 10 mm. Front dark reddish brown, transversely grooved. Vertex slightly darker. Face dark yellow. Cheeks and adjacent face dark reddish black. Grooves black above, dark yellowish below. Keel yellow, black at base. Gold pollinose area on anterior orbit at front and on the parafacial. White pollinose on posterior orbit and lower facial grooves. Antennae dark reddish brown. Dark yellow on first segment and lower part of third segment. First segment five times as long as wide. Second segment nearly two times as long as first. Third segment as long as first. Arista black, second segment slightly produced. Proboscis dark yellow distally, black basally, 1% times length of head. Occiput black.
Thorax black, gold pollinose on humeri and the adjacent dorsum medially, anterior to the scutellum, and on the metapleura. Thinly yellow pollinose on the postnotum and pleura. Coxae dark reddish, yellow pollinose. Legs rufous, diffusely black on basal half of the femora. More pollinose on tibiae and tarsi. Wings hyaline. Dark brown pattern between costa and fifth vein. Partly hyaline in apical half of first posterior cell and discal cell. Calypters yellow. Halteres yellow, dark brown at base.
Abdomen black, very faintly yellow pollinose. Gold pollinose on distal two-thirds of second segment and much of the fifth segment. Fifth segment black on anterior and posterior margins and sides. Sixth segment with a large circular gold pollinose mark projecting to a point anteriorly. Genitalia black.
Female: Length 8 mm. Similar to the male. Proboscis more blackish and somewhat longer. Gold pollinose areas on thorax and abdomen somewhat reddish (possibly due to staining). Abdomen black on fifth segment. Gold pollinose crescent shaped mark on sixth segment. Circular pollinose area on seventh segment. Seventh
AUSTRALIAN CONOPID FLIES—CAMRAS 67
segment mainly dark reddish. Genitalia black and dark reddish. Theca 1% times as long as wide, dark reddish.
VARIATION (in paratypes): Length 8 to9 mm. Cheeks sometimes partly reddish. Proboscis 1% to 1% times length of head. Front near antennae partly black. Yellow of face more restricted and dark areas more extensive in one male.
Tyrxs: Holotype, male, USNM 64917. Allotype, USNM, Strad- broke Island, Queensland, September 20, 1915, J. C. Bridwell. Para- types, Queensland: 1 male, author’s collection ex USNM, same data as holotype; 1 male, USNM, Stradbroke Island, Feb. 10, 1911, H. Hacker; New South Wales: 1 female, author’s collection ex USNM, Sydney, Bridwell collection.
Australoconops pulcher, new species
Description: Male: Length 11mm. Head reddish yellow. Front transversely grooved. Center of vertex including the tubercle and facial grooves dark shiny black. Facial keel entirely yellow. T pattern on front and cheeks blackish brown. Occiput black. Pos- terior orbit dark reddish yellow. Orbits and lower facial grooves yellow white pollinose. First antennal segment black, four times as long as wide. Remainder of antennae and proboscis missing.
Thorax black, reddish gold pollinose on humeri and adjacent dorsum, narrowly separated from a similar distinct pleural stripe. Triangular mark anterior to the scutellum and metapleura reddish gold pollinose. Indistinct yellow pollinose on dorsum and postnotum. Indistinct white pollinose on pleura. Coxae mainly black, white pollinose. Legs rufous, diffusely black on basal half of femora. Wings hyaline, with brown pattern between first and third veins and vena spuria and along fifth vein. Calypters grayish white. Halteres yellow, dark brown at base.
Abdomen black, reddish gold pollinose on second, third, and fifth segments, except for margins and sides. Sixth segment entirely red- dish gold pollinose except on sides. Fourth segment reddish gold pollinose on distal margin, in midline, and to each side. Seventh segment shiny dark reddish yellow. Genitalia black.
Type: Holotype, male, USNM 64918, Sydney, New South Wales, Bridwell collection.
Australeconops similis, new species
Description: Male: Length 8.5 mm. Vertex and front dark reddish black. Front transversely grooved. Face and keel dark yellow. Cheeks dark reddish black. Facial grooves mainly black. Occiput black above, dark reddish below. Orbits and a postvertical mark gold pollinose. Antennae dark reddish, rufous on most of third
68 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118
segment. Black on first segment and arista. First segment three times as long as wide. Second segment twice length of first. Third segment little longer than first. Second segment of arista moderately produced. Proboscis black, 1% times length of head.
Thorax black, gold pollinose on humeri and dorsum medial to the humeri. This area joins a similarly colored distinct pleural stripe. Narrow margin anterior to the scutellum and a large area of the meta- pleura gold pollinose. Coxae dark reddish black, yellow pollinose. Femora dark reddish black, paler at apex and base. Tibiae mainly yellow and partially gold pollinose. Tarsi yellow with dark margin. Wings hyaline with dark brown pattern from costa to fifth vein. Hyaline in posterior half of first posterior cell and apical half of discal cell. Calypters yellow. MHalteres yellow, brown at base.
Abdomen black, partly dark reddish on first, second, and seventh segments. Gold pollinose band on distal half of second and third seg- ments produced slightly in midline. Sixth segment with a large gold pollinose circular area. Genitalia mainly black.
Female: Length8mm. Similartomale. Third tergite with yellow band narrower and confined to the sides. Sixth segment dark reddish black with a half moon shaped gold pollinose mark. Theca dark reddish, nearly 1% times as long as wide.
VARIATION (in paratypes): Length 8.5 to 11 mm. Dark reddish areas darker on cheeks, lower occiput, and femora and brown in the first posterior and discal cells less extensive in the male.
Types: Holotype, male, USNM 64919, Stradbroke Island, Queens- land, Sept. 20, 1915, J. C. Bridwell. Allotype, USNM, Sydney, New South Wales, Bridwell collection. Paratypes, 1 male, 1 female, author’s collection ex USNM, Sydney, New South Wales, Bridwell collection.
Australoconops splendidus (Kréber)
Conops splendidus Kroéber, Arch. Naturg., vol. 81, Abt. A, Heft 7, p. 63, 1915.
The cotype is 9 mm. long (without antenna, as are all of my measure- ments of the length). Kréber gave the length as 10 to 11mm. The other specimens are 8 to 9.5mm. long. None of the specimens have a white pollinose mark anterior to the transverse suture.
MarTERIAL EXAMINED: Herberton, Queensland, Jan. 12, 1910, F. P. Dodd, 1 male, cotype, USNM. Sydney, New South Wales, Bridwell collection, 7 males, 1 with abdomen missing, 1 female, USN M author’s collection and BMNH. Mittagong, New South Wales, Dec. 14, 1900, W.W.F., 1 male, USNM.
AUSTRALIAN CONOPID FLIES—-CAMRAS 69
Australoconops aptatus (Walker) Conops aptata Walker, List of the specimens of dipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum, vol. 3, p. 675, 1849.
The first specimen listed is 12 mm. long. The other is 15 mm.
MATERIAL EXAMINED: Western Australia, 1 female, author’s collection ex BMNH. Yallingup near Cape Naturaliste, south Western Australia, Sept. 14 to Oct. 31, 1913, R. E. Turner, 1 female (determined by Brunetti), BMNH.
Australoconops aequatus (Walker)
Conops aequata Walker, List of the specimens of dipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum, vol. 3, p. 675, 1849. Conops piceus Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, ser. 6, vol. 7, p. 48, 1887.
Kroéber called the female aequatus and the male piceus.
MATERIAL EXAMINED: Yallingup near Cape Naturaliste, south Western Australia, Sept. 14 to Oct. 31, 19138, Nov. 1913, R. E. Turner, 8 males, 8 females (1 male and 2 females determined as aequatus by Brunetti, 1 male determined as piceus by Kréber), BMNH, author’s collection, and USNM. Dongarra, Western Australia, Sept. 6-19, 1935, R. E. Turner, 1 male, 1 with abdomen missing, BMNH.
Australoconops sydneyi, new species
Description: Male: Length 8 mm. Head black. Vertex except tubercle dark reddish. An area on the face on each side of facial grooves yellow. Anterior orbit gold pollinose; posterior orbit and lower facial grooves white pollinose. Antennae black, rufous at base of third segment. First segment three times as long as wide. Second segment nearly two times as long as first. Third segment 1 times length of first. Second segment of arista slightly produced. Pro- boscis black, 14 times length of head.
Thorax black. Gold pollinose on humeri and adjacent dorsum which connects with a white pollinose pleural stripe. Metanotum partly white pollinose. Coxae dark reddish black, yellow white pollinose. Femora, apices of tibiae, and distal tarsi black. Most of tibiae yellow and gold pollinose. Proximal tarsi, pulvilli, and claws except black tips dark yellow. Wings hyaline. Brown pattern from costa to fifth vein, paler in costal cells. Hyaline in posterior half of first posterior cell and distal half of discal cell. Calypters yellow. Halteres yellow, brown at base.
Abdomen black. Gold pollinose on second segment except for anterior one fourth, on third segment except for anterolateral triangle, in a crescent shaped area on the fifth segment, and on most of the sixth segment. Seventh segment and genitalia shiny reddish black.
Tyrre: Holotype, male, USNM 64920, Sydney, New South Wales, Bridwell collection.
70 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 113 Genus Microconops Kréber
Microconops Kroéber, Arch. Naturg., vol. 81, Abt. A, Heft 1, p. 77, 1915. Microconops ater, new species
Description: Male: Length 7 mm. Front and ocellar tubercle black. Vertex dark reddish yellow. Face and upper keel yellow. Lower keel and parts of the grooves black. Occiput black above, yellow below. Orbit and lower facial grooves white pollinose. An- tennae black, lower half of third segment dark yellow. First segment two times as long as wide. Second segment 1% times length of first. Third segment nearly four times length of first. Arista two segmented, basal segment very slightly produced. Proboscis black, 1% times length of head.
Thorax black. White pollinose mark at humeri connected with a similar pleural stripe. Some white pollen on postnotum and meta- pleura. Coxae and legs dark reddish black. Basal half of tibiae yellow. Wings brownish hyaline, without pattern. Calypters yellowish white. Halteres yellow, brown at base.
Abdomen black, dull on first four segments, shiny on fifth and sixth segments. Distal narrow white pollinose margin on first or third segments. Faintly white pollinose on sixth segment. Genitalia shiny blackish red.
VARIATION (in paratypes): Length 6.5 to 7mm. Antennae dark brown instead of black in one male. Other dark areas on legs more brownish. Dark areas of abdomen more brownish in the other male so that the sixth segment is entirely dark reddish brown.
Typrs: Holotype, male, USNM 64921, Sydney, New South Wales, Bridwell collection. Paratypes, 2 males, USNM and authovr’s collec- tion, same data.
Remarks: This species keys out to nigrithorax, which differs by having the antennae deep black and the front reddish yellow.
Microconops brunnicornis Kréber Microconops brunnicornis Kréber, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 11, vol. 5, p. 78, 1940.
This species was described from a single female from southwestern Australia. The male is similar but blacker, and the distal half of the posterior femora are mainly black. The male abdomen is dull black on the first four segments and shiny on the fifth and sixth. White pollinose distal bands are present on segments two to four. The sixth segment is diffusely white pollinose. The genitalia are reddish. In the female the sixth and seventh abdominal segments are shiny.
MATERIAL EXAMINED: Sydney, New South Wales, Bridwell collec- tion, 2 males, 1 female, USNM and author’s collection.
AUSTRALIAN CONOPID FLIES—CAMRAS Ga
Microconops fasciatus Kréber Microconops fasciatus Kréber, Arch. Naturg., vol. 81, Abt. A, Heft 1, p. 79, 1915.
In the specimens examined the second antennal segment is about 1% times the length of the first, and the third segment about two times the length of the first. Size 5 to 5.5 mm long.
MATERIAL EXAMINED: Palmerston (Darwin), Northern Territory, November, 1 male and 1 female (in coitus), USNM, cotypes. Don- garra, Western Australia, Sept. 6-19, 1935, R. E. Turner, 1 male, BMNH.
Microconops ornatus Kréber
Microconops ornatus Kréber, Arch. Naturg., vol. 81, Abt. A, Heft 1, p. 78, 1915.
Two lateral ocelli are distinguishable on the ocellar tubercle. Length 6.5 mm.
MATERIAL EXAMINED: Redlynch, northern Queensland, Aug. 10-17, 1938, R. G. Wind, Papuan-Australian Expedition, 1 male, BMNH.
Microconops rufefemoris, new species
Description: Male: Length 9 mm. Most of the head black. Upper margin of front dark reddish black. Vertex, upper facial grooves and keel, and a small adjacent area on the face yellow. Orbits white pollinose. Antennae dark brown. Third segment predominantly rufous. Blackish on arista and distal medial part of third segment. First segment three times as long as wide. Second segment 1% times length of first. Third segment over two times length of first. Process on second segment of arista small. Third segment of arista globular at base. Proboscis black, 14s times length of head.
Thorax dull black, faintly yellow pollinose on dorsum more distinct on the humeri, scutellum, upper postnotum, and metanotum. Pos- terior half of scutellum dark reddish yellow. Pleura faintly white pollinose. Coxae black, white pollinose. Femora rufous with a black ring at base. Tibiae dark brown, yellow on basal half. Tarsi dark brown, partly yellow on proximal segments. Wings brownish hyaline. A small blackish mark at the anterior cross vein. Brownish pattern in apical half of wing between second vein and vena spuria and along the fifth vein. Calypters brownish yellow. Halteres yellow, brown at base.
Abdomen predominantly dull black. Yellow pollinose on distal second and third segments and most of the sixth segment. Abdomen narrowest at junction of second and third segments, widest at fifth and sixth segments where it is nearly three times as wide as the narrowest part.
Types: Holotype, male, USNM 64922, Sydney, New South Wales, Bridwell collection.
42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 113
RemaRks: This species is rather distinctive, and differs from the other members of the genus by having rufous on the femora and antennae and a patterned wing.
Genus Paraconops Kréber
Paraconops Kroéber, Arch. Naturg., vol. 81, Abt. A, Heft 1, p. 74, 1915. Paraconops turneri, new species
Description: Male: Length 8.5mm. Head yellow, slightly blackish on cheeks and lower occiput. Black on the ocellar tubercle, the midline of the transversely grooved front, in the middle of the facial grooves, on most of the keel, and on the upper occiput. Antennae black, rufous on most of third segment and distal margin of second segment, partly dark yellow on first segment. First segment about 2 times as long as wide. Second segment as long as first. Third segment slightly over two times length of first. Arista three segmented; process on second segment moderate. Proboscis black, nearly two times length of head.
Thorax black, faintly white pollinose. Scutellum and part of the posterior calli rufous. Coxae reddish black, faintly white pollinose. Femora and tibiae rufous. Femora black at basal one-third to one-fourth. Tarsi mostly blackish. Wings hyaline without pattern, somewhat yellowish at base. Calypters yellow. MHalteres yellow, brown at base.
Abdomen dull black, faintly white pollinose more distinct on the sixth segment. Second and third segments rufous. Genitalia reddish black.
Type: Holotype, male, BMNH, Southern Cross, Western Aus- tralia, January 10-22, 1936, R. E. Turner.
Paraconops aristalis, new species
Descriprion: Female: Length 5.5 mm. Head yellow, slightly blackish on cheeks and lower occiput. Black on the ocellar tubercle, a broad midline on the transversely grooved front, on the lower half of facial keel and adjacent grooves, and on the upper occiput. Antennae dark brown, blackish on upper distal part of first segment, basal half of second segment, upper part of third segment, and on arista. Reddish yellow on lower half of third segment. First seg- ment 2% times as long as wide. Second segment as long as first. Third segment over two times length of first. Arista two segmented, process of basal segment small. Proboscis black, over two times length of head.
Thorax black, faintly white pollinose, more distinct on humeri and metapleura. Scutellum rufous. Coxae dark reddish black, faintly
AUSTRALIAN CONOPID FLIES—-CAMRAS 7633
white pollinose. Legs dark reddish, darker on upper margin of femora, distal tibiae, and tarsi. Wings hyaline, reddish yellow at base. Calypters yellowish white. Halteres yellow, brown at base.
Abdomen black, faintly white pollinose on distal segments and at junctions of first and second and second and third segments. Rufous on anterior and posterior margins and sides of second segment, pos- terior margin of first segment, and anterior margin of third segment. Theca black, longer than wide.
Typre: Holotype, female, BMNH, Perth, Western Australia, January 26-28, 1936, R. E. Turner.
Remarks: This species has many similarities with the previous one, so that I might have considered the color differences due to sex and the size difference due to extremes of variation; however, this species has only two aristal segments.
Genus Neoconops Kréber
Neoconops Kréber, Arch. Naturg., vol. 81, Abt. A, Heft 1, p. 75, 1915. Neoconops robustus Kroéber
Neoconops robustus Kréber, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 11, vol. 5, p. 66, 1940.
Previously known only from the type female. This male has the first three tergites dull reddish black (seemingly grease stained). The fourth tergite is more black and partly shining. The fifth and sixth tergites are shiny bluish black. The sixth tergite is partly white pollinose. The genitalia are partly shiny red. The abdomen is cylindrical with no narrowing at the base. Length 7 mm.
MATERIAL EXAMINED: Mingenew, Western Australia, Oct. 15-22, 1935, R. E. Turner, 1 male, author’s collection ex BMNH.
Genus Heteroconops Kréber
Heteroconops Kroéber, Arch. Naturg., vol. 81, Abt. A, Heft 1, p. 80, 1915. Heteroconops antennatus Kréber
Heterconops antennatus Kréber, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 11, vol. 5, p. 69, 1940.
This species is otherwise known only from the type male. This female differs somewhat and may represent another species. ‘The upper front is partly reddish. The third antennal segment is some- what shorter and wider than the illustration. The sixth and seventh tergites are shiny, the others are dull. The theca is yellowish, darker apically, and longer than wide. There are no accessory veins on the wings.
MATERIAL EXAMINED: Mingenew, Western Australia, Oct. 15-22, 1935, R. E. Turner, 1 female, BMNH.
74 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 113
Heteroconops curticornis Kréber Heteroconops curticornis Kréber, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 11, vol. 5, p. 69, 1940.
Previously known only from the type female. This specimen differs in having the third antennal segment not quite as short and wide as the illustration. Length 4.5mm. Tergites one to four dull, five and six shiny. No accessory wing veins. This specimen is very close to the previous one, and I would have considered them con- specific were it not for the presence of the ocellar tubercle.
MATERIAL EXAMINED: Dongarra, Western Australia, Aug. 13-22, 1935, R. E. Turner, 1 male, author’s collection ex BMNH.
Genus Physocephala Schiner
Physocephala Schiner, Wiener Ent. Monatschr., vol. 5, p. 137, 1861.
Physocephala minuta Kréber Physocephala minuta Kréber, Arch. Naturg., vol. 81, Abt. A, Heft 4, p. 131, 1915.
Previously known only from the male cotypes. The female has yellow pollinose distal margins on the first five tergites, widest and more golden yellow on tergites three and four. The sixth tergite is mainly yellow pollinose. The seventh tergite is shiny reddish brown, yellow pollinose dorsally. The theca is longer than wide, shiny reddish brown, blackish at the apex. The black of the facial grooves is re- stricted to two small marks in the middle. The male has the third and fourth veins fused at the site of the anterior cross vein so that this vein is absent.
MATERIAL EXAMINED: Kuranda, Queensland, F. P. Dodd., C. J. Wainwright collection, 1 male, 1 female, author’s collection and BMNH.
Physocephala australiana, new species
Description: Male: Length 8mm. Head yellow. Vertex, upper front, and occiput black. Orbitals white pollinose. Antennae brown, yellowish on first antennal segment and ventral inner surfaces of second and third segments. First antennal segment 2% times as long as wide. Second segment 2% times length of first. Third seg- ment a little longer than the first. Proboscis black, about two times length of head.
Thorax black, faintly white pollinose. Humeri and upper half of pleura rufous. White pollinose area adjacent to the humeri extending into a distinct white pollinose pleural stripe. White pollinose on upper postnotum and metapleura. Apex of scutellum with a small indistinct rufous spot. Coxae black, white pollinose. Legs rufous, partly brownish in upper middle of femora and on the tarsi. Wings
AUSTRALIAN CONOPID FLIES—CAMRAS 75
hyaline, blackish between first and third veins becoming paler in submarginal cell beyond apex of second vein. Calypters yellow. Halteres yellow, brown at base.
Abdomen rufous on second, third, and sixth segment, on lateral distal margin of fourth segment, and on distal margin of fifth segment. Remaining parts of abdomen black, faintly white pollinose. Distinct white pollinose at junction of first and second segments and at distal margin of second, third, and fourth segments. Sixth segment indis- tinctly yellow pollinose. Genitalia shiny black, partly reddish.
VARIATION (in paratype): Length 6 or 6.5 mm. (head missing). Similar to type. Apex of submarginal cell beyond level of posterior crossvein hyaline. Darkened again at tip of submarginal cell. Seutellum entirely black. Most of pleura black. Posterior femur broadly black in the middle. Dorsum of second and third abdominal segments partly blackish.
TyprEs: Holotype, male, BMNH, Yanchep, 32 miles north of Perth, Western Australia, January 9-23, 1936, R. E. Turner. Para- type, 1 male, author’s collection ex BMNH, Dedari, 40 miles west of Coolgardie, Western Australia, January 11-21, 1936, R. E. Turner.
REMARKS: This species is characterized by having the wing pattern confined to the area between the first and third veins, the remainder of the wing being hyaline.
Genus Thecophora Ronadani
Thecophora Ronadani, Nuovi Ann. Sci. Nat. Bologna, ser. 2, vol. 3, p. 15, 1845. Occemya Robineau-Desvoidy, Bull. Soc. Sci. Yonne, vol. 7, p. 130, 1853.
Thecophora papuana, new species
Description: Female: Length 5.5 mm. Front and middle of vertex dark rufous. Dull black on upper sides of occiput and sides of vertex. Ocellar tubercle shiny black. Ocelli shiny rufous. Face dark yellow, partially blackish on the cheeks. Occiput blackish, dark yellow on lower third. Orbits white pollinose. Antennae dark brown, rufous on first segment and basal half of medial surface of third segment. Remainder of third segment and arista black. Second antennal segment yellowish below. First segment as long as wide. Second segment two times length of first. Third segment same length as second. Proboscis blackish, distal segments each about equal to head length.
Thorax blackish brown, paler and white pollinose on the pleura. Coxae dark brown, white pollinose. Anterior coxa more yellowish. Legs dark brown. Base of femora yellowish, occupying about the basal third of posterior femur on the lateral surface. Femora nar- rowly yellowish at the base. Distal tarsi nearly black. Claws mostly
76 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 113
black, yellowish at the base. Pulvilli dark yellow. Wings hyaline. First posterior cell open about half the length of anterior cross vein. Calypters brownish yellow. Halteres dark yellow, brown at base.
Abdomen dark brown, more yellowish on the sides. Distal white pollinose margins on all the segments becoming broader on the sides of second and third segments. ‘Theca blackish brown, a little shorter than wide. Genitalia brownish black.
Type: Holotype, female, BMNH, Mount Tafa, Papua, 8,500 ft., March 1934, L. E. Cheesman.
Remarks: This is the second species of the genus now known from the Australasian region. ‘This species is characterized by its diffusely brownish coloration, the black areas being brownish, and the light colored areas relatively dark.
Thecophora australiana (Camras) Occemyia australiana Camras, Ent. News, vol. 66, p. 124, 1955.
Two additional specimens have turned up in the collection. This species is distinctive in having an unusually large amount of white pollen on the thorax.
MATERIAL EXAMINED: Como, New South Wales, Dec. 1923, H. Petersen (flower sweepings), 2 males, USNM and author’s collection.
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1961
Proceedings of
the United States
National Museum
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION - WASHINGTON, D.C.
Volume 113 1961 Number 3454
NEW AND PREVIOUSLY KNOWN MILLIPEDS OF PANAMA
By H. F. Loomis
Although the Panama Canal Zone and the adjacent areas of Panama are parts of Central America frequently visited by scientists, the millipeds reported from there are few in number, as compared with those reported from Guatemala or nearby Costa Rica. Only nine species were known from the whole of Panama in 1922 when Chamberlin published “‘The Millipeds of Central America” and added three new species. In subsequent papers (1925, 1940, 1941, 1947), he increased the number by 1 established species and 38 species purporting to be new. The two largest of these papers (1925, 1940) have no illustrations of critical structures of any species, and many of the descriptions are brief and founded on females or even immature specimens, the most extreme case being three moults from maturity, so that identification of the species is at best difficult, and several may require rearing young of the same stage as the type specimen for exact identity of the mature animal.
In recent years short papers containing descriptions of Panamanian millipeds have been published by Hoffman (1950, 1951, 1953, 1954, 1955) and Loomis (1958, 1959), and the number of species ascribed to the area has reached a total of 62, some of which are not considered valid members of the fauna for one reason or another, as will be shown.
17
78 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 113
The collection here studied is based primarily on material gathered since 1923 by the late Dr. O. F. Cook and the present writer during several visits to Panama and on material found on Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone, in 1955 and 1956 by Carl W. and Marion E. Rettenmeyer. A part of this latter material was collected in association with army ants and was described in a previous paper (1959) and is therefore not under consideration here. Represented in the collection are 42 identifiable species, 22 new and several typi- fying new genera (these are described and drawn in the following pages) and 4 identifiable to genus only. As an aid for future workers in making identifications, drawings of diagnostic parts and some addi- tional structural notes have been prepared for 10 of the 16 species originally described by Dr. Chamberlin. Study of the collection and review of the pertinent papers have also resulted in the disclosure of several misidentifications and the reduction of some genera and species to synonomy.
Descriptions of new species are based essentially on the holotype specimen, but differences exhibited by other specimens, either allo- type or paratypes, are mentioned without reference to the specimen. Characters of immature specimens have not been included. All illustrations of new species are from the holotype specimen. All holotype and allotype specimens of new species are deposited in the U.S. National Museum, as are specimens of previously described species from which illustrations were made for this paper.
Family Glomeridesmidae
Genus Glomeridesmus Gervais Glomeridesmus Gervais, Ann. Sci. Nat., zool. ser. 3, vol. 2, p. 61, 1844. Glomeridesmus latus, new species
Figure la-c
Hototryrer: Male, USNM myriapod collection 2655, from Cerro Campana, Panama, Mar. 16, 1958, G. B. Fairchild and H. F. Loomis.
Paratype: Male, same data as holotype, author’s collection.
Diacnosis: Differing from the closely related G. parvior in the oval postantennal pit, close to the socket, and in the broad last segment and the segments preceding it having their lower posterior corners scarcely produced.
Description: Length 3.5 to 5 mm., caudal segments but slightly narrowed; color in alcohol light brown with no distinct lighter mark- ings. Antennae separated by little more than the diameter of one of the sockets, slender; joints 4, 5, and 6 very slightly thicker than basal
MILLIPEDS OF PANAMA—LOOMIS 79
\\
eas 6 N = -
Figure 1.—a-c, Glomeridesmus latus: a, Postantennal pit; b, last 3 segments, lateral view; ¢, last segment from above. d-f, Glomeridesmus parvior: d, Postantennal pit; ¢, last 3 segments, lateral view; f, last segment from above. g-i, Docodesmiella insularis: g, An- tenna; h, segment 1 from above; 1, left gonopod, lateral view. 7, Chondrodesmus pana- menus, right gonopod, mesal view. k-l, Chondrodesmus pittieri: k, Lateral keel of segment 5; J, right gonopod, posterior view. m, Trichomorpha extrema, gonopods, posterior view.
80 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 113
joints but not conspicuously so, as in G. parmor; postantennal pit nearly oval and very close to the antennal socket (fig. la). Segment 1 longer on dorsum than in parvior, the sides slightly more abruptly rounded. Ensuing segments with lateral striations weakly impressed; lower posterior corners not produced into acute angles, except very small ones on about three segments preceding the last (fig. 1b) ; pleurae with no apparent striations. Last segment short and broad, with rounded lateral angles, the posterior margin evenly convex (fig. 1c).
Glomeridesmus parvior Chamberlin Ficure 1d-f
Glomeridesmus parvior Chamberlin, Bull. Univ. Utah, vol. 30, No. 9, p. 4, 1940.
Male, Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone, Mar. 8-15, 1958, E. M. and H. F. Loomis; male, Pifia area, Canal Zone, Mar. 18, 1958, H. F. Loomis.
Since the original description gave only color, body size, and com- parative size of the penes, as contrasted with other species, the follow- ing characters are given:
Head with antennae separated by slightly less than twice the diame- ter of one of the sockets, the basal joints slender but joints 4, 5, and 6 noticeably thicker; postenicennal pit subtriangular, well removed from the antennal pecker (fiz. 1d). |
Segment 1 with sides less abruptly rounded than in G. latus, the dorsum relatively shorter. Ensuing segments with lateral striations pronounced; posterior end of body narrowing more rapidly than in | latus; segments 13 to 19 with lower posterior corners increasingly | produced (fig. le); pleural plates, at midbody at least, smooth, shin- | ing and with no apparent striations. Last segment quite narrow, | without posterior corners but with the posterior margin strongly rounded throughout (fig. 1f).
Family Chytodesmidae
Docodesmiella, new genus
Type sprctes: Docodesmiella insularis, new species, by present | designation and monotypy.
Draenosis: The minute size, the 19 segments, and the moniliform-. clavate antennae with joint 6 largest are noteworthy characters. | Differing further from Docodesmus, to which it seems related, in having the lateral keels with a posterior margining rim instead of | being lobed and in the outer margins of keels of segment 5 being distinctly four lobed instead of three lobed, but all other keels lobed | as in Docodesmus,
MILLIPEDS OF PANAMA—LOOMIS 81
Description: Body very small, short, and broad with only 19 segments; lateral carinae descending less obliquely than the dorsum; dorsal surface of all segments with low swellings rather than pro- nounced tubercles, the swellings and intervening spaces beset with distinct rounded granules.
Head with labral and clypeal area separated from front by a con- spicuous depression. Antennae short, strongly clavate, joints monili- form; joint 5 wider than long, joint 6 of same width but longer than any other.
Segment 1 with anterior margin 10 lobed; disk with a transverse row of 6 swellings in front, followed by a row of 4 others. Ensuing segments with outer margin of normally poreless keels three lobed, the normally poriferous ones four lobed although no pores were seen. Last segment small, crossed by a row of four setae with four others clustered at the slightly deflexed apex. Preanal scale as long as wide, with apex broadly rounded.
Gonopods each with coxal joint galeate, an outer simple branch curving mesally, and a median bifurcate branch directed caudally.
Docodesmiella insularis, new species FiIGuRE 1g-i
Houtotyre: Male, USNM myriapod collection 2634, collected with Berlese funnel, Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone, September 1, 1956, C. W. and M. E. Rettenmeyer, No. 2267.
AuLLoTyPE: Female, USNM, same data as holotype.
Paratypss: Male, author’s collection, remaining specimens, Snow Museum, same collection data as holotype; female, author’s collection, Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone, March 8-15, 1958, E. M. and H. F. Loomis.
Description: Length 3 mm., width 0.6 mm.; body composed of 19 segments; color in alcohol ight brown.
Labral and clypeal area of head separated from front by a broad depression, surface smooth and shining; clypeus crossed by a trans- verse band of fine erect setae; sides of head inflated laterad of antennae, granular and setose; surface between antennae flat, continuous with vertex and, like it, evenly finely granular; behind each antenna is a small, sharply raised, rounded tubercle; antennae separated by a little more than the diameter of a socket and short, moniliform- clavate, with joint 5 wider than long, joint 6 longest (fig. 19).
Segment 1 (fig. 1h) concealing head from above; front margin somewhat raised, divided into 10 lobes, behind them a transverse row of 6 rounded quadrangular swellings followed by a row of 4
| | 82 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 113 | similar ones; surface of swellings and intervening spaces covered with small, distinct, rounded granules also present on other segments. —
Ensuing segments with four longitudinal rows of swellings, three | in each row, the two median rows most conspicuous with the two anterior swellings in each transversely oval-rectangular, the posterior swelling round; in each outer row the front swelling is oval and farthest laterad, the other two nearly round. Lateral carinae very thin, semitransparent, with front and back margins rimmed; outer margins on segments 2-4, 6, 8, 11, and 14 three lobed, other carinae four lobed, all lobes with a projecting seta; pores, if present, incon- spicuous. Segment 18 with lateral carinae reduced in size, outer margin rounded, the four lobes distinct, posterior angles somewhat produced backward. Last segment small, irregularly roughened, crossed by a row of four setae with four others in the slightly deflexed apex. Preanal scale as long as broad, subtriangular, apex broadly rounded.
Gonopods as shown in figure 12.
Females essentially like males.
Family Chelodesmidae
Genus Alocodesmus Silvestri Alocodesmus Silvestri, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, vol. 11, No. 254, p. 5, 1896.
Alocodesmus dromeus Chamberlin
Alocodesmus dromeus Chamberlin, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 60, Cert. 8, p. 48, pl. 18, figs. 4-7, 1922.
Canal Zone, a number of broken specimens, including 2 males, Monte Lirio, June 8, 1923, O. F. Cook.
Genus Chondrodesmus Silvestri
Chondrodesmus Silvestri, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, vol. 12, No. 305, p. 12, 1987.
Chondrodesmus atrophus Chamberlin Chondrodesmus atrophus Chamberlin, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 38, p. 42, 1925.
Canal Zone, female, Monte Lirio, June 8, 1923, O. F. Cook. Panama, female, Juan Dias, June 3, 1923, O. F. Cook and H. F. Loomis.
MILLIPEDS OF PANAMA—LOOMIS 83 Chondrodesmus panamenus Chamberlin Ficure lj
Chondrodesmus panamenus Chamberlin, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 60, Art. 8, p. 46, pl. 17, fig. 10, pl. 18, figs. 1-3, 1922.
Canal Zone, broken male and female, Barro Colorado Island, June 6, 1923, O. F. Cook; single females, same locality, February 1955 and May and June 1956, C. W. and M. HE. Rettenmeyer.
The gonopods (fig. 17) are relatively small for the size of the animal and are withdrawn into the body with only the tips projecting in the single male seen.
Chondrodesmus pittieri, new species FicureE 1k-l
Houotyre: Male, badly broken, USNM myriapod collection 2635, Puerto Obaldia, Panama, collected by H. Pittier prior to 1916.
Diacnosis: Relationship with the Peruvian C. maranonus Chamberlin, founded on a female, seems indicated by the large size and location of the pores but differs in the much less produced pos- terior corners of the keels.
Description: Width 15 mm. Mentum of gnathochilarium with numerous very long, slender, forwardly directed setae closely appressed to the surface. Dorsum less convex than usual in the genus, the lateral carinae broad and more nearly horizontal. Dorsal surface so greatly eroded through drying or other causes that its exact sculpturing can- not be determined, but there is a series of 10 to 14 small low rounded tubercles adjacent to the posterior margin of segments, with a few others scattered over surface in front of them. Lateral carinae with anterior margin smooth; outer margin of poreless segments almost straight, the others emarginate opposite the median portion of the callus area; posterior margin with a distinct tooth near posterior angle and a smaller one mesad of it; posterior angles small, slightly more pronounced on poriferous segments but scarcely caudally produced except on segments 17 to 19. Pore calluses dorsal (fig. 1k), greatly flattened and consisting of a raised semicircular swelling enclosing the pore except on the outer side where the margin is no thicker than on poreless segments; pores well removed from lateral margin and open- ing almost vertically.
Gonopods as shown in figure 1/, the basal joint with a fingerlike lobe arising from ventromesal side and curving outward; both terminal branches bent sharply outward near middle. Ventral surface of seg- ment 7 strongly elevated in front of the opening for the gonopods.
84 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 113
Genus Trichomorpha Silvestri Trichomorpha Silvestri, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, vol. 12, No. 305, p. 11, 1897. Trichomorpha extrema Chamberlin Fiacure 1m
Trichomorpha extrema Chamberlin, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 38, p. 43, 1925.
Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island, male, several females, June 6, 1923, O. F. Cook and H. F. Loomis; 2 males, 1 female, March 8-15, 1958, E. M. and H. F. Loomis.
The gonopods are shown in figure 1m.
Trichomorpha fratrellus Chamberlin
Trichomorpha fratrellus Chamberlin, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 60, p. 64, pl. 2, figs. 5-7, 1947b. Canal Zone, specimens of both sexes, ‘Pacific side,’ 1923, O. F. Cook and H. F. Loomis; numerous specimens, Barro Colorado Island, March 8-15, 1958, E. M. and H. F. Loomis.
Trichomorpha panamica Chamberlin FIGURE 2a
Trichomorpha panamica Chamberlin, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 30, p. 437 1925.
Trichomorpha kraussi Chamberlin, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 60, p. 63, pl. 2, figs. 1-4, 1947b. New synonomy.
Canal Zone, male and female, Frijoles, July 13, 1923, and 2 males, Pifia area, March 18, 1958, H. F. Loomis; several males and females, Barro Colorado Island, March 8-15, 1958, E. M. and H. F. Loomis.
Panama, female, El Valle, March 22, 1958, E. M. and H. F. Loomis; 2 males, Cerro Campana, March 16, 1958, G. B. Fairchild and H. F. Loomis.
Vertical view of the gonopods shown in figure 2a.
In the paper in which T. panamica and T. extrema were described (1925), Chamberlin also founded two other species—T. nidicola and 7. recta—each based on a single female specimen. All four species have the common type locality of Barro Colorado Island. No additional specimens of the two latter species have since been reported, and it is now considered that the validity of each is in question.
MILLIPEDS OF PANAMA—LOOMIS 85
Figure 2.—a, Trichomorpha panamica, gonopods, posterior view. b, Oncodesmoides an- gulatus, right gonopod, posterior view. c—d, Lignydesmus panamanus: c, Segments | to 4, lateral view; d, segments 18, 19, and 20, from behind. e-i, Panamadesmus sculptilis: e, Segment 1 from above; f, segment 2, with segment 3 in outline, from above; g, segments 18 and 19, from behind; A, apex of segment 19, segment 20, anal valves and preanal scale,
ventral view; 1, right gonopod, anterior view. j, Aceratophallus quadratus, segments 11 and 12 of male, dorsal view.
86 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 Family Euryuridae
Genus Seminellogon Chamberlin
Seminellogon Chamberlin, Pan-Pacific Ent., vol. 9, p. 18, figs. 6-8, p. 13, 1923. Sigmogonotropis Hoffman, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 102, p. 240, fig. 84, 1951.
Seminellogon panamicus (Chamberlin), new combination
Aphelidesmus panamicus Chamberlin, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 38, p. 41, 1925.
Canal Zone, male, Gorgona, February 10, 1911, Wiliam R. Maxon; 2 females, Monte Lirio, June 8, 1923, O. F. Cook and R. D. Martin; male and female, Barro Colorado Island, August 2, 1955, C. W. Rettenmeyer; male, 2 females, Barro Colorado Island, March 1956, C. W. and M. E. Rettenmeyer; female, Pifia area, March 18, 1958, H. F. Loomis.
Panama, male, female, and young, Cerro Campana, March 16, 1958, E. M. and H. F. Loomis.
This species was founded on a single female, and no males have been reported. Not only do the above males allow placement of the species in the correct genus but they also indicate the generic similarity of Sigmogonotropis to Seminellogon, a similarity which R. L. Hoffman has also seen after examining one of the above males.
Comparison of above specimens with the description of Szgmogono- tropis serratus Hoffman also shows great similarity of the two species; the serrations on the side of the larger branch of the gonopods of S. serratus are the only major structural difference between them, since the gonopods of S. panamicus lack serrations. Further col- lections between the respective ranges of the species are likely to show that only a single species is involved.
Family Oniscodesmidae
Genus Oncodesmoides Kraus
Oncodesmoides Kraus, Senckenberg Biol., bd. 35, p. 41, 1954.
The milliped that has been reported from Panama as Oncodesmus granosus (Gervais and Goudot), or any of its synonyms, probably is one of the most common species in the region of the Canal Zone but appears to have been wrongly identified and in reality is a new species of the genus Oncodesmoides, which contains two Peruvian species.
MILLIPEDS OF PANAMA—LOOMIS 87 Oncodesmoides angulatus, new species FIGURE 2b
Hotoryrer, Male, USNM myriapod collection 2636, Pifia area, Canal Zone, March 18, 1958, H. F. Loomis.
ParatyPes: Male and 2 females, USNM; male and female, Snow Museum; several males and females, author’s collection, same data as holotype. Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island, June 6, 1923, O. F. Cook and H. F. Loomis; August 1956, C. W. and M. E. Retten- meyer; March 8-15, 1958, E. M. and H. F. Loomis; Frijoles, July 13, 1923, H. F. Loomis; Fort Sherman, April 20, 1925, O. F. Cook— all in author’s collection. Panama, Juan Dias, June 3, 1923, O. F. Cook and H. F. Loomis; Almirante, November 28, 1937, H. F. Loomis; El Valle, March 22, 1958, E. M. and H. F. Loomis—all in author’s collection.
Diaenosis: Principally differing from the other species in details of the gonopods, the closest relationship being with O. rectus Kraus from Peru.
Description: Length 11 to 13.5 mm., diameter 2.3 to 2.56 mm. Vertex of head, segment 1, and metazonites of other segments dull black; front of head, antennae, prozonites, and ventral surfaces, including legs, colorless.
Front of head hispid, finely roughened but shining, the sides swollen laterad of each antenna; vertex with a short, thick, uneven ridge on each side in front projecting outward, with its anterior portion cover- ing part of the first antennal joint from behind; surface between the ridges and elsewhere behind them finely and evenly granular- tubercular but lacking setae.
First segment almost semicircular, anterior margin straight across, with a small indentation a short distance from each lateral angle; surface inflated on each side of middle and with larger tubercles than in the broad median depression, the largest being adjacent to the anterior margin mesad of the excavation; all tubercles with an apical seta.
Segment 2 with sides vertical, greatly expanded in front and below, the posterior margin with two deep notches above the lower limits; median surface flat, as wide as segment 1, its anterior margin deeply and evenly concave; the expanded sides joining the dorsum in almost a right angle marked in front, in strongly sculptured specimens, by a raised ridge, which is a continuation of the anterior side margin, the ridge followed by two or more large, elongate tubercles.
From segment 3 backward there are four longitudinal rows of large dorsal tubercles increasing in size on segments 17 to 19, three tubercles
88 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Von. 113
in each inner row and two in each outer one with another large tuber- cle well below and anterior of them; in addition small seta-bearing tubercles are scattered elsewhere over the surface, those on lateral carinae smaller. From segment 5 or 6 to near posterior end of body the anterior margin of each carina is bowed forward; outer limits of carinae of segments 3 to 6 or 7 rather sharply rounded, ensuing ones gradually longer, the first of which have two lobes faintly indicated, the posterior ones with three lobes indicated; posterior margin of carinae with a deep notch at middle. Pores apparently in normal sequence but difficult to see, opening from a tubercle similar in shape and color to adjacent ones but slightly larger and located behind central point of carina.
Last segment short, between three and four times as broad as long, surface with scattered tubercles of which a median pair are larger; posterior margin with three distinct lobes each side of the apical one, the lobes separated by deep, narrow notches, outer lobe on each side largest.
Gonopod as shown in figure 26.
Genus Lignydesmus Cock
Lignydesmus Cook, Brandtia, fase. 5, p. 28, 1896. Lignydesmus panamanus, new species FIGuRE 2c-—d
Houotyre: Female, USNM myriapod collection 2637, Almirante, Panama, November 29, 1937, H. F. Loomis.
PARATYPE: 19-segmented female, author’s collection, same col- lection data as holotype.
Diacnosis: Differing principally from ZL. rubriceps (Peters), as shown in Cook’s paper (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, pp. 451-468, pl. 30, figs. 2a-f, 1898) in having segment 1 crossed by a transverse biarcuate sulcus, sides of segment 2 extending only slightly below those of segment 3, areate portion of segments less convex than the smooth anterior portion.
Description: Length 9 mm., width 4mm. Surface of segments in front of areations finely granular and dull, the areate border less granular, somewhat shining and less convex. Color in life probably white.
Head with clypeus almost parallel sided, the lateral margin behind it directed sharply outward and backward; surface of clypeus and front to between the antennae evenly convex with numerous erect seta; vertex with a low but distinct median ridge across anterior half, followed by a broad and deep depression across the basal half.
MILLIPEDS OF PANAMA—LOOMIS 89
First segment quadrangular, front margin smooth, lacking the irregularities shown in Cook’s figure 2d for L. rubriceps, almost straight and longer than posterior margin, which is convex and over- laps segment 2; anterior corners rounded, deflexed slightly and with a strong, thin, raised rim; surface considerably behind front margin with a prominent biarcuate sulcus nearly reaching the sides and more impressed on either side than at middle; surface on either side behind the sulcus smooth but evenly inflated; posterior margin faintly areate, with short sulci.
Segment 2 (fig. 2c), compared with that of L. rubriceps, not pro- duced downward as far, scarcely exceeding segment 3, the side more expanded forward, the lower posterior corner less produced back- ward. On succeeding segments the surface in front of the areate portion is more convex than the areate border but on posterior end of body both portions are flatter and the areations less evident. Pores borne on low rounded elevations on segments 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, and 15, a very slightly raised swelling on segment 16 with the pores of 17 and 18 opening from the level surface. Posterior end of body shown in figure 2d. Last segment thick and strongly convex, broadly rounded behind and, in ventral view, the margin with a small rounded lobe on either side of the median portion.
Female with ventral margin of segment 3 raised at middle into a triangular lobe.
Panamadesmus, new genus
Type sprectes: Panamadesmus sculptilis, new species, present designation and monotypy.
Draenosis: Probably most closely related to Mesesmus Cham- berlin but differing as stated below.
Description: Body the shape and size of Lignydesmus Cook and Mesesmus Chamberlin and with pores borne in similar manner—but readily distinguished by the much more definitely sculptured first segment, which is emarginate in front; the almost completely closed sinus of segment 19, hiding segment 20 from above; the erect gono- pods of which the outer division ends in a mesally concave spoonlike expansion, the inner division being stout, straight, and bluntly point- ed; joint 3 of third male legs distally swollen, whereas no such modi- fication of the male legs has been reported for Lignydesmus, and no males of Mesesmus are known. The genus differs further from Me- sesmus in having segment 2 descending considerably below segment 3 instead of scarcely exceeding it as shown in Chamberlin’s illustra- tion. Last segment considerably exceeding anal valves with a small seta-bearing lobe on cither side and several subapical ones. Preanal scale with two seta-bearing subapical tubercles, sides concave.
90 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 113
Panamadesmus sculptilis, new species
FIGURE 2e-2
Houtotyre: Male, USNM myriapod collection 2638, Pifia area, Canal Zone, March 18, 1958, H. F. Loomis.
ALLoTyPE: Female, USNM, same collection data as holotype.
Paratypes: Male, Snow Museum, 2 males and female, author’s collection, same collection data as holotype.
Description: Length 10 mm., width 4 mm. Color in life uni- form cinnamon brown.
Head with clypeal area smooth and shining, convex, raised slight- ly above frontal area which is transversely wrinkled; anterior half of vertex with a short weak median ridge, surface behind it smooth and convex for a short distance, followed by a median depression, deepest in front, not reaching the back of the head; antennae cras- sate with joint 5 longest and thickest.
Segment 1 (fig. 2e) with front margin deeply concave, having a raised rim extending around the anterior margin; surface behind front margin gradually raised into a high biarcuate crest descending gradually at middle but abruptly on either side of it; between crest and the faimtly areate posterior border are four large flat sharply marked subquadrangular areas.
Segment 2 (fig. 2/) shaped much as in Mesesmus insulatus, as shown by Chamberlin, but with each side extending farther downward,well below the side of segment 3; areate border as in above species and similar to that of ensuing segments. On these segments the sulcus between the areate border and anterior portion definitely more im- pressed than in Lignydesmus panamanus but the convexity of the two portions similar; surface of anterior portion very finely granular, dull, that of the areate border less densely granular and somewhat shining. Pores on prominent swellings to segment 13, reduced on segment 15 and lacking swellings on segments 16-18. Segments 18 and 19 as shown in figure 2g, the latter with median sinus very narrow, not exposing segment 20 which is thick, convex, and with a tuberculate margin as shown in figure 2h.
Gonopods (fig. 27) composed of two erect branches, an outer spoon- like one and a shorter, thicker inner one terminating in an obtuse point.
Joint 3 of third male legs swollen distally. Female with ventral anterior margin of segment 3 raised at middle into a low, triangular lobe that is not as high as the one in L. panamanus.
MILLIPEDS OF PANAMA—LOOMIS OI]
Genus Detodesmus Cook Detodesmus Cook, Brandtia, fase. 5, p. 28, 1896.
Nores: On the basis of differences in the gonopods shown in il- lustrations by both Cook (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, pl. 30, figs. la-c, 1898) and Brolemann (Ann. Soc. Ent. France, vol. 67, pl. 26, figs. 127-141, 1898), Professor Chamberlin (1941) pomted out the mis- identification of a Venezuelan milliped, which Brolemann reported as Detodesmus (Oniscodesmus) aurantiacus (Porat) Cook, and_ pro- vided it with a new specific name, Detodesmus brolemanni, a step obviously needed. Professor Chamberlin, however, hardly went far enough for the first of Brolemann’s figures shows an animal with areate posterior border on segment 2, a condition specifically denied by Cook for the genus Detodesmus and sustained by his illustration (pl. 30, fig. 1c), of the genotype species. Prof. Chamberlin recog- nized the nonareate condition of segment 2 in Detodesmus, for he used the areations of Mesesmus as a separating character, but he seems to have overlooked the implication of Brolemann’s figure. Thus the species to which the new name brolemanni was given was incorrectly assigned to Detodesmus, and it is now proposed to return it, for the time being, to the genus where Brolemann originally placed it, as Oniscodesmus brolemanni. Cook neither described nor illustrated the gonopods of the supposed type of Oniscodesmus oniscinus (Gervais and Goudot), the genotype, which he saw in the British Museum, but illustrated those of a species he described as Oniscodesmus mi- crurus. Certainly micrurus and brolemanni are not congeneric, but it cannot be determined which, if either, is congeneric with O. onis- cinus until its type specimen is examined, when the position of these two species may be evaluated.
Chamberlin (in Univ. Utah Biol. Ser., vol, 11, No. 5, p. 46, fig. 80, 1950) described Detodesmus tingonus as a new species from Peru, but the illustration of the gonopod (fig. 80) precludes the generic assignment. Instead, the species is believed to typify a new genus, to which the name Huanucodesmus may be applied. Also in the above paper, Detodesmus aurantiacus is credited to Colombia, where- as I believe it has been reported only from Venezuela.
Family Peridontodesmidae
Genus Peridontodesmus Silvestri Peridontodesmus Silvestri, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, vol. 36, p. 197, 1896. Peridontodesmus species
A 19-segmented male, Cerro Campana, Panama, March 16, 1958, G. B. Fairchild and H. F. Loomis, is the first record of this genus in Panama.
92 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 118 Family Rhachodesmidae
In the present collection are two vials labeled “1923, Haiti?, O. F. Cook,”’ containing a female Chondrodesmus species and two species of rhachodesmids, one representing a new genus. The fact that no rhachodesmids or species of Chondrodesmus are known from Haiti was called to Dr. Cook’s attention, and he sent me this note: ‘Col- lections also had been made in the Canal Zone that year and it seems probable that the material was from there.” Species of Chondro- desmus but no rhachodesmids have been reported from Panama, although they are known from adjacent regions. Still it seems rea- sonable to accept Dr. Cook’s explanation and describe the new forms as likely members of the Panamanian fauna.
Genus Aceratophallus Carl
Aceratophallus Carl, Rev. Suisse Zool., vol. 10, p. 608, 1902. Aceratophallus quadratus, new species
FiacurREs 2j, 3a—b
Hototyre: Male, USNM myriapod collection 2639, presumably from Canal Zone (see paragraph above), 1923, O. F. Cook.
AuuotyPE: Female, USNM, collection data same as for holotype.
Paratypes: Male, Snow Museum, male and female, author’s col- lection, collection data same as for holotype.
Draenosis: Closely related to A. lamellifer Brolemann as indicated by the gonopods, which show obvious differences; also the body is shorter and relatively broader.
Description: Largest male 26 mm. long, 4 mm. wide; largest female 31 mm. long, 5 mm. wide; original color bleached out.
Body parallel sided, compact, little of prozonites showing; dorsum of male nearly flat, female more convex; lateral keels nearly horizontal, wide, projecting squarely outward with ectal margin nearly straight, giving segments a strikingly rectangular appearance. Head com- pletely beset with variable length setae, those at back of vertex shortest; vertex with deep median furrow; antennae slender, joint 2 longest, followed by subequal joints 3 and 6.
Segment 1 sublunate, over three times as broad as long; anterior margin with raised rim behind which are six erect setae; surface coriaceous or smooth at middle but granular on sides; posterior border conspicuously emarginate across middle.
Beginning with segment 2 both corners of keels are almost acutely squared, the anterior corner with a sharp tooth present to segment 18; from middle of body backward anterior corners slightly rounded,
MILLIPEDS OF PANAMA—LOOMIS 93
Ficure 3.—a-b, Aceratophallus quadratus: a, Right gonopod, posterior view; b, right gonopod mesal view. c—h, Teinorhachis tenuis: c, Antenna; d, segment 1, dorsal view; e, segments 11 and 12, dorsal view; f, preanal scale; g, right gonopod, posterior view; A, third male leg and sternum, posterior view. i-j, Sphaeriodesmus conformans: i, Right gonopod, lateral view; j, tip of right gonopod, posterior view. k-m, Botrydesmus coronatus: k, Segment 1, dorsal view; J, left gonopod, anterior view; m, left gonopod, oblique lateral view.
577689-- 612
Q4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 113
posterior ones to segment 15 a little produced caudally (fig. 27), thereafter slightly more so; segment 19 with keels reduced in size, posterior corners small; dorsum of segments with a broad, faint median depression in front of which are two erect setae; median sur- face of segments smooth or coriaceous, the keels finely and densely granular, margins of keels with raised rims; pores opening laterally from the usual segments; outer margin of poreless segments slightly longer than the adjacent poriferous ones. Last segment with two dorsal setae near apical third; four others at base of apex, two being dorsal plus one each side; apex with four long setae; posterior margin adjacent to each valve with three setae; preanal scale large, triangular, with two long setae.
Gonopods as in figure 3a-—b.
Anterior male legs unmodified, like those of female.
Teinorhachis, new genus
Tyrer species: Teinorhachis tenuis, new species, by present designa- tion and monotypy.
Draanosts: Related to Strongylodesmus Saussure but much smaller, with normal pore formula, and none of the posterior angles of the keels are spiniform. Differing from other genera of the family in the shape and proportions of body, different widths of poriferous and poreless segments on anterior half of body, and the size and shape of the gonopods.
Description: Body slender, loose jointed, gradually narrowed from in front. Males less convex than females and with wider lateral carinae. Antennae rather slender, joints 2 to 6 about subequal in length and thickness; joints 5 and 6 with a small sensory area at dorsal apex.
Segment 1 sublunate, about three times as broad as long. Segment 2 or 3 widest, narrowing thereafter. Dorsal surface of segments smooth, a broad transverse median depression present in front of which are two erect setae; lateral keels little projecting in female and lower on sides of body, those of male nearly at level of dorsum, the poriferous ones on front half of body wider than the adjacent poreless ones and with both angles and outer margin more rounded; on caudal segments posterior corners are lightly produced; pores opening outward from usual segments. Last segment with narrowed apical half convexly raised above anterior half; anal valves strongly inflated, margins thin and strongly elevated; preanal scale triangular, swollen each side at base. Legs long, the four outer joints projecting beyond the keels.
Gonopods short and stout, subcolumnar, ending in an inwardly curved outer plate and two digital processes of different lengths.
Anterior male legs with secondary modifications.
MILLIPEDS OF PANAMA—LOOMIS 95
Teinorhachis tenuis, new species
FIuGRE 3c—h
Houoryre: Male, USNM myriapod collection 2640, probably from Canal Zone (see family heading, p. 92), 1923, O. F. Cook.
ParatyPsEs: Three 19-segmented females, author’s collection, same collection data as for holotype.
Description: Male 18 mm. long, 1.7 mm. wide. Body slender, loose jointed, the prozonites especially exposed in midregion of body; body widest at segment 2 or 3, gradually narrowing thereafter; dorsum smooth, convex in female with lateral keels thick, narrow and pro- jecting just above middle line of sides; male more flattened with keels wider and nearly on level of dorsum; color destroyed by preservation. Legs exceeding keels by the four outer joints, joint 3 longest; sterna high, finely hispid, and nearly as wide as combined lengths of joints 1 and 2 of legs.
Head, from a short distance above antennae to the front margin, rather densely beset with fine erect hairs of various lengths; vertex without a median furrow in male but a strong one in females; antennae slender with joints 2 to 6 subequal in length and thickness (fig. 3c).
Segment 1 sublunate, three times as wide as long, front margin with a raised rim followed by setae as shown in figure 3d. Ensuing seg- ments with a broad, indefinite transverse median depression in front of which are two erect setae; lateral keels of segments 2 to 4 thin and with both corners more squarely angular than ensuing ones; porif- erous keels through segment 14 wider and with outer margins and posterior angles more rounded than adjacent poreless keels (fig. 3e); from segment 15 backward keels have posterior angles increasingly produced to segment 18 on which keels are narrower, and those of segment 19 even less developed with posterior angles half as large as on segment 18; anterior corners of segments 2 to 6 with an outer tooth in male, a similar tooth present to segment 15 or 16 in female. Last segment long, the narrowed apical half longitudinally convex and sharply raised above the forward half; apex with four terminal setae; anal valves strongly inflated with thin, high margins; preanal scale shown in figure 3f.
Gonopods as in figure 3g, relatively small, reaching forward only betweea the coxae of seventh legs. Pregenital legs of male with outer joint, especially on first three pairs, heavier than those following the gonopods and densely hairy beneath; third male leg and sternum shown in figure 3h.
96 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 113
Family Sphaeriodesmidae
Genus Sphaeriodesmus Peters
Sphaeriodesmus Peters, Monats. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 529, 1864.
Sphaeriodesmus conformans Chamberlin Figure 37-7
Sphaeriodesmus conformans Chamberlin, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 38, p. 44, 1925.
Canal Zone, male, female and young, Barro Colorado Island, June 6, 1923, O. F. Cook and H. F. Loomis; many females, Pifia area, March 18, 1958, H. F. Loomis.
Panama, many females, Juan Dias, June 3, 1923, O. F. Cook and H. F. Loomis; male, 2 females, Alahjuela, July 20, 1923, H. F. Loomis.
Gonopods as shown in figure 37-7.
Family Stylodesmidae Genus Botrydesmus Loomis
Botrydesmus Loomis, Smithsonian Mise. Coll., vol. 89, p. 62, 1934.
Botrydesmus coronatus, new species FicuRE 3k—m
Houotyre: Male, USNM myriapod collection 2641, collected with Berlese funnel from inside log on Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone, July 7, 1956, C. W. and M. E. Rettenmeyer, No. 2113.
AuLLotTyPE: Female, Snow Museum, same data as for holotype.
ParatypPes: Canal Zone, young male, Barro Colorado Island, March 8-15, 1958, E. M. and H. F. Loomis; young male, Pifia area, March 18, 1958, H. F. Loomis.
Diaanosis: A smaller species than B. eryptus Chamberlin and with the two median lobes of segment 1 less separated by a sinus than the adjacent lobes; dorsum without a third ridge on each side.
Description: Length 3 mm., width 0.5 mm.
Head with sides of labrum and clypeus straight but oblique, sur- face slightly convex, smooth, shining and finely hispid to a line across tops of antennal sockets; vertex raised above front and with a strong median furrow; a large rounded tubercle behind and mesad of each antenna; crest of vertex with a row of six rounded tubercles increasing in size mesad; vertex roughened in front of crest but smooth behind it.
Front margin of segment 1 (fig. 34) having 10 lobes of which the 2 outermost on each side are little separated and nearly horizontal while the 6 intermediate ones are definitely upturned and separated by open sinuses; disk with 5 tubercles on each side, the 4 anterior
MILLIPEDS OF PANAMA—LOOMIS 97
ones elongate oval with the foremost one largest, the fifth tubercle submedian, round and next in size.
Ensuing segments with four high thin triparted ridges of equal size on all segments to 17 or 18, where the outer ridge decreases and the two inner ones increase in size and are moderately produced caudally; there is no indication of a third ridge on each side as in B. cryptus; surface between ridges and laterad of them apparently roughened but mostly hidden beneath coating of organic matter; lateral carinae broader than in genotype, the outer margin of those on segments 2 and 18 trilobed, the intervening ones bilobed; pores in normal sequence, opening from a broad, low swelling on surface of last lobe of carina except on penultimate segment which has lateral carinae reduced in size but more strongly produced backward, the pore opening from a conic tubercle projecting back over the posterior margin of the third lobe. Last segment rather large with an elongate ridge on each side of middle, posterior margin broadly and evenly rounded, with a broad median lobe and three smaller lobes on each side, separated by more or less open sinuses, depending on amount of organic matter they contain.
Gonopods as shown in figure 3/—m.
Genus Cynedesmus Cook
Cynedesmus Cook, American Nat., vol. 30, p. 419, 1896.
Cynedesmus trinus Loomis
Cynedesmus trinus Loomis, Journ. Kansas Ent. Soc., vol. 32, No. 1, figs. 9-10, 1959.
A mature and two 19-segmented females, Cerro Campana, Panama, March 16, 1958, G. B. Fairchild and H. F. Loomis.
Genus Poratia Cook and Cook
Poratia Cook and Cook, Ann. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 8, p. 238, 1894.
Dominicodesmus Chamberlin, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 36, p. 189, 1923.
Tidopterus Chamberlin, Zoologica, New York, vol. 3, No. 21, p. 420, pl. 27, figs. 7-9, 1923.
In determining specimens in the present collection, reference was made to Silvestri’s excellent treatment of Poratia (Bol. Soc. Espafiola Hist. Nat., vol. 23, pp. 372-375, illus., 1923), when it was found that specimens of the genotype species, P. digitata (Porat), were repre- sented in the Panamanian fauna. Its resemblance to Psochodesmus crescentis Cook led the writer, on a recent visit to Washington, to seek the type of that species in the U.S. National Museum collection. Fortunately, this was found and a brief examination showed it to be a male with gonopods, which were not dissected, very similar to those
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shown in Silvestri’s figure 4, but with the crossed terminal branches more slender. Dissection just made of a gonopod of a male P. cre- scentis (fig. 4a) collected between Arcadia and Okeechobee, Florida, now shows the genus to be distinct from Poratia. Furthermore, Chamber- lin’s Dominicodesmus and Tidopterus, once placed assynonyms of Psocho- desmus now are seen to be synonyms of Poratia on the basis of their gonopods. Reappraisal of the description of Xerodesmus Chamberlin (Occas. Pap. California Acad. Sci., vol. 12, p. 403, figs. 36-38, 1923), which I once placed as a synonym of Psochodesmus, now leads me to consider it a valid genus insofar as Psochodesmus or Poratia are con- cerned. Chamberlin’s name, however, was preoccupied by Xerodes- mus Cook (Brandtia, fase. 1, p. 2, 1896), and Attems (Das Tierreich, Lief 70, p. 322, 1940), has replaced it with Kapyrodesmus.
Poratia digitata (Porat)
Scytonotus digitatus Porat, Ent. Tidskr., vol. 10, p. 35, 1889.
Poratia digitata Cook and Cook, Ann. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 8, p. 238, 1894.
Poratia heterotuberculata Carl, Rev. Suisse Zool., vol. 10, p. 267, pl. 11, fig. 99, 1902.
Dominicodesmus panamicus Chamberlin, Bull. Univ. Utah, vol. 30, No. 9, p. 6, 1940.
Numerous specimens from Canal Zone, Monte Lirio, June 8, 1923, and Gamboa, Apr. 19, 1925, O. F. Cook; Frijoles, July 13, 1923, H. F. Loomis
Poratia granulofrons (Chamberlin)
Treseolobus granulofrons Chamberlin, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 62, p. 221,
1918.
Dominicodesmus geophilus Chamberlin, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 36, p. 189, 1923.
Psochodesmus granulofrons Loomis, Smiths. Mise. Coll., vol. 89, No. 14, p. 54, 1934.
Canal Zone, 2 females, Barro Colorado Island, March 8-15, 1958, EK. M. and H. F. Loomis; 2 females, Pifa area, March 18, 1958, H. F. Loomis.
Panama, 2 females, Taboga Island, July 15, 1923, O. F. Cook and H. F. Loomis.
Tracheloaspis, new genus
Type species: Tracheloaspis tumida, new species, by present designation and monotypy.
Diagnosis: Possibly related to Gasatomus Chamberlin, of which males still are unknown, but with stouter body; shorter, broader first segment having more extensive front margin and slightly cre- nulate back margin; keels of segments 6 to 19, four lobed, those of segments 17 to 19 strongly produced caudally.
MILLIPEDS OF PANAMA—LOOMIS 99
Description: Body short and broad with 20 segments, the dorsum strongly convex. Head with vertex not abruptly raised above frontal area, surface granular with a large tubercle above each antennal socket; antennae clavate with joint 6 longest and thickest.
Segment 1 with extensive expanded front margin divided into 12 lobes ending in faint crenations; posterior margin of median portion weakly crenate, the disk with 10 large rounded tubercles.
Ensuing segments each with four longitudinal rows of three tuber- cles but the anterior one in each row on segment 2 is transversely expanded, especially the two medial ones; keels of segments 2 to 5 with three outer lobes, those thereafter with four lobes; pores on segments 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, and 16, opening from large tubercles projecting outward and slightly downward and backward from below the middle lobe of keel on segment 5 but below the third lobe there- after; on the poriferous keels the lobe above the tubercle does not project out as far as on poreless segments and its outer edge is com- pletely free and separate from the tubercle beneath it; keels of seg- ments 17 to 19 strongly produced caudally. Last segment margined by eight distinct seta-bearing tubercles in addition to the apex with its customary four setae.
‘ Gonopods with a galeate basal joint supporting two simple, caudally curved branches.
Tracheloaspis tumida, new species
Fiaure 4b-e
Houotypse: Male, USNM myriapod collection 2642, Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone, March 8-15, 1958, E. M. and H. F. Loomis.
AuLoTyPE: Female, USNM, same collection data as holotype.
Paratypres: Male, author’s collection, same collection data as holotype. Canal Zone, 1 female, Monte Lirio, June 8, 1923, R. D. Martin. Panama, Juan Dias, June 3, 1923, O. F. Cook and H. F. Loomis; Alahjuela, April 13, 1925, O. F. Cook—all in author’s collec- tion.
Description: Length 7 mm., width 1.5 mm. Head with labral area smooth and shining, the surface above it to the vertex finely, transversely wrinkled and with fine short setae; vertex not suddenly elevated above front, lacking a median grove; surface finely and densely granular with a larger tubercle just above each antennal socket; antennae as shown in figure 4).
Segments 1 and 2 shown in figure 4c. Segments frequently with incrustation of organic matter obliterating the minor sculpturing, which consists of small inconspicuous secondary tubercles, the pri-
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Ficure 4.—a, Psochodesmus crescentis, posterior and slightly mesal view of left gonopod. b-e, Tracheloaspis tumida: b, Antenna; c, segments | and 2, dorsal view; d, last segment, anal valves, and preanal scale, ventral view; ¢, right gonopod, lateral view. f-g, Xeno- porus carinaceps: f, Lateral keel of segment 15; g, segments 18, 19, and 20, ventral view.
mary ones well exposed. Last segment with marginal lobes as shown in figure 4d, in which the valves and preanal scale are also shown.
Gonopods shown in figure 4e. Anterior male legs and sterna without modifications. Females with a high, slightly rolled crest or lip behind second pair of legs.
Xenoporus, new genus
TypE spEcins: Xenoporus carinaceps, new species, by present designation and monotypy.
Diaenosis: Probably most closely related to Gasatomus Chamber- lin but differing particularly in having the pores opening from upper side of the pore tubercles and in the form of the gonopods. Dis- tinguished further by the unlobed margins of the keels of segment 19 and the strongly concave ventral surface of the lobes of segment 20.
Description: Body small and about five times as long as broad, dorsum strongly convex with broad keels from low on the sides. Head covered by segment 1; vertex with a granular ridge on either
MILLIPEDS OF PANAMA—LOOMIS 101
side; antennae short, clavate, joint 5 twice as long as any other joint and slightly thicker, a long seta projecting from the upper side and a similar one on joint 6.
Segment 1 of much the same shape as in Tracheloaspis, the expanded front margin somewhat reflexed, divided into 12 areas with anterior border faintly crenate; median area with 10 large rounded tubercles in 2 transverse rows.
Ensuing segments each with four longitudinal rows of three tuber- cles each that are transversely oval; almost no secondary tubercles between the two inner rows but they are separated by a narrow deep groove; secondary tubercles between the inner and outer rows usually three, arranged in a triangle pointing forward; lateral keels from seg- ment 2 to 18 three lobed, the poriferous tubercle produced from the third lobe of segments 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, and 16, being large and sub- conical with the pore opening from just beyond middle of its upper side. Segment 19 with outer margin smooth and continuous, lacking crenations. Last segment rather long, parallel sided and with three strong terminal lobes which are concave below; dorsal surface with a broad median ridge continuing along the median lobe.
Gonopods with hemispherical basal joint from which the inner or terminal joint projects but slightly. Male with joint 2 of third legs showing secondary modification.
Xenoporus carinaceps, new species
Figures 4f-g, 5a
Hoxtotyre: Male, USNM myriapod collection 2643, El Valle, Panama, March 22-23, 1958, E. M. and H. F. Loomis.
Paratype: Female, author’s collection, same collection data as holotype.
Description: Body about five times as long as wide, 4.2 mm. long, 0.9 mm. wide.
Head with clypeal and frontal areas shining, sparsely setose; vertex separated from front by a transverse depression on a line with tops of the antennal sockets, a distinct median impression present, surface finely granular, each side with a prominent granular ridge beginning behind each antenna and extending outward obliquely to back of head.
Segment 1 with median area convex, crossed by two rows of rounded tubercules, four in front row and six in the back row following the curve of the posterior margin, the outer tubercle on each side smaller than the other eight.
Ensuing segments with dorsum strongly convex, keels low on the sides, projecting outward and slightly downward; dorsal surface
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Ficure 5.—a, Xenoporus carinaceps, left gonopod, mesal view. b-e, Enantiogonus fragi- lis: b, Segments 17, 18, and 19, dorsal view; c, preanal scale; d, leg from middle of body; e, right gonopod, oblique lateral view from slightly behind. f-g, Hypstloporus proclivis: f, Antenna; g, first 5 segments, with setae omitted, lateral view.
as in generic description except that the rows of primary tubercles do not increase in height on posterior segments but are closer together; keels all three lobed to segment 18 with outer margin thickened; pore opening from the upper side of a large tubercle projecting from dorsal side of the third lobe of the keel (fig. 4f), keels of segment 17 scarcely produced cadually, those of segments 18 and 19 strongly so with the latter showing no lobes on the outer margin in strong contrast to those preceding (fig. 4g). Last segment long, much exceeding segment 19; sides nearly parallel; apex occupied by three large lobes, which are strongly concave below, the quadrisetose ventral tubercle well in advance of apex of middle lobe; dorsal surface with broad median ridge extending to end of median lobe.
Gonopods as in figure 5a.
Male with second joint of third legs thicker and longer than in other legs, an acute tooth near outer end on ventral side.
The foregoing generic and specific descriptions were based on the male only as the female shows a number of differences and may
MILLIPEDS OF PANAMA—LOOMIS 103
represent another species. It is 5.5 mm. long and 1 mm. wide; tubercles of anterior row on segment 1 are larger than those of the second row or any of those on segment 1 in the male; on ensuing segments the tubercles of the primary rows are round and the two inner rows have two distinct rows of secondary tubercles between them.
Family Vanhoeffeniidae
Genus Cryptogonodesmus Silvestri
Cryptogonodesmus Silvestri, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, ser. 2, vol. 6, p. 59, 1898.
Cryptogonodesmus species
Numbers of females or young from the localities below are not identifiable as to species.
Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island, June 6, 1923, O. F. Cook and H. F. Loomis; March 8-15, 1958, E. M. and H. F. Loomis.
Panama, Juan Dias, June 3, 1923, O. F. Cook and H. F. Loomis.
Enantiogonus, new genus
Type sprcies: Enantiogonus fragilis, new species, by present designation and monotypy.
Driaenosis: Probably most closely related to Jrazunus Attems, of Costa Rica, the males of which have 19 segments, the females 20 segments, but differing in the gonopods and possibly in the truncated preanal scale, which was not described for Jrazunus.
DescrieTion: Body small, delicate, and poorly chitinized, re- sembling a tiny Polydesmus in appearance, composed of 19 segments.
Head with margin of labrum scarcely emarginate, sides of head straight but oblique; antennae not especially slender, joints 2 to 6 little different in length but joints 5 and 6 somewhat thicker.
Segment 1 semicircular, narrower than ensuing segments, en- circled by 16 erect setae, 8 near anterior and 6 near posterior margin and 1 in each outer angle; there are 4 additional setae across middle of disk.
Ensuing segments with three transverse rows of setae, apparently 4-4-6 or 6-4-6, but so many are rubbed off this cannot be determined ; surface of segments finely reticulated and raised into large faintly polygonal areas; also there is a distinct transverse median impression ; lateral carinae thin with anterior corners rounded, posterior corners angular beginning with segment 2, those of segments 15, 16, and 17 increasing rapidly in size but those of segment 18 greatly reduced; on all except the cadual segments the posterior margin between the produced angles is triarcuate; pores large, opening outward and
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backward from posterior side of a swelling in front of the produced angle of segments 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 18, 15-17, and 18?. Last segment with apex narrowed and deflexed, surpassing the valves. Preanal scale truncate at apex.
Gonopods with basal joint broad, flattened and with a smaller semiglobular second joint supporting a simple curved half-cylindrical blade.
Enantiogonus fragilis, new species FIGuRE 5b-e
Houotyre: Male, USNM myriapod collection 2644, Pifia area, Canal Zone, March 18, 1958, H. F. Loomis.
Description: Body slender, 3.2 mm. long; color in alcohol light brown.
Head with labrum scarcely indented at middle, sides straight, strongly oblique; front finely hispid; antennae rather slender with joints 2 to 6 subequal in length, jot 7 two-thirds as long as 6, joints 2 to 4 equal in width, slightly exceeded by joint 5 with joint 6 a little thicker.
Segment 1 narrower than segment 2, semicircular, the lateral angles sharply